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<p>This study presents cross-section calculations for ionization, electron capture, and system breakdown in collisions of beryllium ions (Be<sup>3+</sup>) with hydrogen atoms. While electron capture in this system has been previously investigated by Shimakura (1988) and Liu &amp; Wang (2013) using quantum molecular-orbital methods, the present work provides the first simultaneous calculation of all three processes (ionization, capture, and breakdown) within a unified four-body model using both Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) and Quasi-Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (QCTMC) methods. Simulations cover an impact energy range of 0.1–11 keV amu<sup>-1</sup> pertinent to fusion and astrophysical plasmas. Comparisons with previous theoretical and experimental data for analogous systems, specifically Li<sup>3+</sup>+ H and B<sup>3+</sup> + H collisions, demonstrate good agreement at higher energies (above 2 keV amu<sup>-1</sup>). At lower energies, both the CTMC and QCTMC methods exhibit a marginal overestimation of the cross-section compared with earlier studies. Notably, the QCTMC model yields systematically higher cross-sections than the CTMC, especially at low energies, reflecting the impact of quantum corrections such as the Heisenberg correction term. This work provides previously unavailable multi-channel cross-section data for the Be<sup>3+</sup>+ H system and validates the QCTMC approach as a robust tool for modeling ion–atom collisions where experimental data remain limited.</p>

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Ionization and charge exchange cross-sections in Be3+ + H collision: classical and quasi-classical trajectory monte carlo approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Saed J. Al Atawneh

摘要

This study presents cross-section calculations for ionization, electron capture, and system breakdown in collisions of beryllium ions (Be3+) with hydrogen atoms. While electron capture in this system has been previously investigated by Shimakura (1988) and Liu & Wang (2013) using quantum molecular-orbital methods, the present work provides the first simultaneous calculation of all three processes (ionization, capture, and breakdown) within a unified four-body model using both Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) and Quasi-Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (QCTMC) methods. Simulations cover an impact energy range of 0.1–11 keV amu-1 pertinent to fusion and astrophysical plasmas. Comparisons with previous theoretical and experimental data for analogous systems, specifically Li3++ H and B3+ + H collisions, demonstrate good agreement at higher energies (above 2 keV amu-1). At lower energies, both the CTMC and QCTMC methods exhibit a marginal overestimation of the cross-section compared with earlier studies. Notably, the QCTMC model yields systematically higher cross-sections than the CTMC, especially at low energies, reflecting the impact of quantum corrections such as the Heisenberg correction term. This work provides previously unavailable multi-channel cross-section data for the Be3++ H system and validates the QCTMC approach as a robust tool for modeling ion–atom collisions where experimental data remain limited.