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<p>Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO): reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite thin films were synthesized using a sol–gel spin-coating technique, and their structural, optical, and electrical properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the films exhibit a polycrystalline wurtzite structure with a pronounced c-axis orientation. The incorporation of moderate rGO content resulted in an increase in crystallite size. Raman Spectroscopy, through analysis of the I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> intensity ratio, verified the effective reduction of graphene oxide and strong interfacial interaction between rGO and AZO. FTIR spectra revealed a significant reduction in oxygen functional groups and the formation of enhanced Zn–O–C linkage, providing clear evidence of strong bonding between AZO and rGO. Optical studies showed a gradual bandgap narrowing from 3.25 to 3.12&#xa0;eV with increasing rGO content. The corresponding increase in Urbach energy suggests the formation of localized defect states, which play a crucial role in charge carrier transport.</p><p>Photoluminescence spectra exhibited quenching of defect-related emissions, attributed to efficient charge transfer from AZO to the rGO network. Electrical measurements showed a substantial decrease in resistivity from 10.24 × 10<sup>2</sup> to 6.50 × 10<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;cm up to an optimal rGO loading of 3&#xa0;mg. Further addition of rGO introduced excessive scattering centres, leading to an increase in resistivity. These results highlight the dual role of rGO in defect engineering and charge transport modulation, suggesting the potential of AZO:rGO nanocomposite films for transparent conducting electrode applications in optoelectronics.</p>

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Synergistic role of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in tuning the optoelectrical response of AZO: rGO nanocomposite thin films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月8日

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  • N Rashmi,
  • Felcy Jyothi Serrao,
  • K. Kumara,
  • M. B. Savitha,
  • N. B. Rithin Kumar,
  • S. Raghavendra,
  • Veena Shivadas Kindalkar

摘要

Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO): reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite thin films were synthesized using a sol–gel spin-coating technique, and their structural, optical, and electrical properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the films exhibit a polycrystalline wurtzite structure with a pronounced c-axis orientation. The incorporation of moderate rGO content resulted in an increase in crystallite size. Raman Spectroscopy, through analysis of the ID/IG intensity ratio, verified the effective reduction of graphene oxide and strong interfacial interaction between rGO and AZO. FTIR spectra revealed a significant reduction in oxygen functional groups and the formation of enhanced Zn–O–C linkage, providing clear evidence of strong bonding between AZO and rGO. Optical studies showed a gradual bandgap narrowing from 3.25 to 3.12 eV with increasing rGO content. The corresponding increase in Urbach energy suggests the formation of localized defect states, which play a crucial role in charge carrier transport.

Photoluminescence spectra exhibited quenching of defect-related emissions, attributed to efficient charge transfer from AZO to the rGO network. Electrical measurements showed a substantial decrease in resistivity from 10.24 × 102 to 6.50 × 102 Ω cm up to an optimal rGO loading of 3 mg. Further addition of rGO introduced excessive scattering centres, leading to an increase in resistivity. These results highlight the dual role of rGO in defect engineering and charge transport modulation, suggesting the potential of AZO:rGO nanocomposite films for transparent conducting electrode applications in optoelectronics.