Acridine Orange (AO) was pressed into a disc and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The analysis showed that its melting point is ≈ 170 °C (443 K). Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectra verified the structural integrity of the molecules, showing no detectable changes throughout the applied temperature range. The dielectric behavior and AC (alternating current) conductivity of the AO disc were investigated over a frequency range of 25 Hz to 3 MHz and a temperature range of 300–400 K. The AC conductivity, σac, can be described by ‘Jonscher’s universal power law, which provides important insights into the underlying conduction mechanism. AC conductivity, σac(ω), rises with frequency, and the exponent s becomes smaller as the temperature increases (from 0.779 to 0.774) and s < 1. Analyzing the temperature dependence of the exponent s illustrated a type of conduction model. This finding suggests that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) hypothesis applies to the current study. Based on the barrier height (CBH) model, effective charge transfer by hopping between localized states is possible with activation energies, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\Delta E}_{ac}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ac</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, between 0.04 and 0.12 eV and barrier heights, Wm, between 0.704 and 0.877 eV. Dielectric constants (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\varepsilon }_{1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\varepsilon }_{2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and dielectric modulus (M1, M2), show how they are influenced by temperature and frequency. The measured behavior of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\varepsilon }_{1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\varepsilon }_{2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> exhibits a similar pattern with temperature and frequency. This work introduces Acridine Orange (AO) pellets as promising new dielectric materials whose properties can be tuned for use in high-frequency nanoelectronics. Their AC conductivity and dielectric behavior make them well-suited for lightweight electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Improved electrical conductivity and dielectric response of a promising acridine orange compound for use in optoelectronic devices

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年12月8日

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Kareem T. Abul-Nasr,
D. G. El-Damhogi,
Nabil A. S. Elminshawy,
A. M. Abdelghany,
I. Moussa,
M. M. El-Shabaan,
Z. Mohamed,
E. Elesh

摘要

Acridine Orange (AO) was pressed into a disc and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The analysis showed that its melting point is ≈ 170 °C (443 K). Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectra verified the structural integrity of the molecules, showing no detectable changes throughout the applied temperature range. The dielectric behavior and AC (alternating current) conductivity of the AO disc were investigated over a frequency range of 25 Hz to 3 MHz and a temperature range of 300–400 K. The AC conductivity, σ_ac, can be described by ‘Jonscher’s universal power law, which provides important insights into the underlying conduction mechanism. AC conductivity, σ_ac(ω), rises with frequency, and the exponent s becomes smaller as the temperature increases (from 0.779 to 0.774) and s < 1. Analyzing the temperature dependence of the exponent s illustrated a type of conduction model. This finding suggests that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) hypothesis applies to the current study. Based on the barrier height (CBH) model, effective charge transfer by hopping between localized states is possible with activation energies, ${\Delta E}_{ac}$ ${Δ E}_{ac}$ , between 0.04 and 0.12 eV and barrier heights, Wm, between 0.704 and 0.877 eV. Dielectric constants ( ${\varepsilon }_{1}$ $ε_{1}$ , ${\varepsilon }_{2}$ $ε_{2}$ ) and dielectric modulus (M₁, M₂), show how they are influenced by temperature and frequency. The measured behavior of ${\varepsilon }_{1}$ $ε_{1}$ and ${\varepsilon }_{2}$ $ε_{2}$ exhibits a similar pattern with temperature and frequency. This work introduces Acridine Orange (AO) pellets as promising new dielectric materials whose properties can be tuned for use in high-frequency nanoelectronics. Their AC conductivity and dielectric behavior make them well-suited for lightweight electronic and optoelectronic devices.