<p>In this work, we have investigated the effects of radions on plasmon-plasmon scattering in the SN 1987A explosion. Assuming that the supernovae cooling rate <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\dot{\varepsilon }\le 7.288\times 10^{-27}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>7.288</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>27</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> GeV, we find the lower bound on the radion vacuum expectation value <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\langle \phi \rangle \sim$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> <mo>∼</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 18.05 TeV, 15.04 TeV, 9.02 TeV, 4.51 TeV and 2.26 TeV which correspond to the radion mass <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$m_\phi =$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 1.25 GeV, 1.50 GeV, 2.50 GeV, 5.00 GeV and 10.00 GeV, respectively. Interestingly, the lower bound on the radion VEV <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\langle \phi \rangle$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> should be about <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$10^3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> times larger than the one in Ref. [<CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef>]. Furthermore, we have shown that in the range <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\sqrt{\text {s}}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msqrt> <mtext>s</mtext> </msqrt> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 1 TeV to 8 TeV the cross section varies from <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$2.27\times 10^{-17}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2.27</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>17</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> barn to <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$5.91\times 10^{-12}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>5.91</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> barn. So, we hope that the cross-section gives possible experimental signatures for the radion.</p>

The role of radion in SN 1987A cooling

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年11月3日

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Truong Minh Anh,
Ha Huy Bang

摘要

In this work, we have investigated the effects of radions on plasmon-plasmon scattering in the SN 1987A explosion. Assuming that the supernovae cooling rate $\dot{\varepsilon }\le 7.288\times 10^{-27}$ $\dot{ε} \leq 7.288 \times 10^{- 27}$ GeV, we find the lower bound on the radion vacuum expectation value $\langle \phi \rangle \sim$ $⟨ ϕ ⟩ \sim$ 18.05 TeV, 15.04 TeV, 9.02 TeV, 4.51 TeV and 2.26 TeV which correspond to the radion mass $m_\phi =$ $m_{ϕ} =$ 1.25 GeV, 1.50 GeV, 2.50 GeV, 5.00 GeV and 10.00 GeV, respectively. Interestingly, the lower bound on the radion VEV $\langle \phi \rangle$ $⟨ ϕ ⟩$ should be about $10^3$ $10^{3}$ times larger than the one in Ref. [1]. Furthermore, we have shown that in the range $\sqrt{\text {s}}$ $\sqrt{s}$ = 1 TeV to 8 TeV the cross section varies from $2.27\times 10^{-17}$ $2.27 \times 10^{- 17}$ barn to $5.91\times 10^{-12}$ $5.91 \times 10^{- 12}$ barn. So, we hope that the cross-section gives possible experimental signatures for the radion.