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<p>This study employs impedance spectroscopy to characterize the dielectric properties of EPDM rubber composites with and without 25 phr borax loading. The HN relationship is utilized to analyze dielectric relaxation, with experimental data aligning well with theoretical predictions. Results show that borax loading significantly influences dielectric properties, including dielectric strength and relaxation time, with distinct patterns observed at different temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate that borax addition reduces dielectric permittivity by 18–32% across 30–120°C while increasing relaxation times by 23% (τ = 1.2–3.6 × 10<sup>−5</sup> s) and decreasing dielectric strength by 40% (Δε = 0.9–2.0) compared to unloaded samples. AC conductivity analysis reveals distinct behavior: unloaded EPDM follows a single power-law (s = 0.60–0.90), whereas borax composites exhibit dual conduction regions (s<sub>1</sub> = 0.45–0.65, s<sub>2</sub> = 0.70–0.90). Cole–Cole plots and equivalent circuit modeling further show borax samples display 35% higher bulk resistance, confirming modified interfacial polarization. These quantitative findings provide clear evidence of borax’s ability to systematically tune EPDM’s dielectric response for applications requiring controlled electrical properties. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how additives like borax impact material performance and paves the way for the development of advanced polymer-based electrical components with tailored properties for various applications.</p>

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Exploring the impact of borax incorporation on the dielectric characteristics of EPDM composite: an experimental investigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Huda Alfannakh

摘要

This study employs impedance spectroscopy to characterize the dielectric properties of EPDM rubber composites with and without 25 phr borax loading. The HN relationship is utilized to analyze dielectric relaxation, with experimental data aligning well with theoretical predictions. Results show that borax loading significantly influences dielectric properties, including dielectric strength and relaxation time, with distinct patterns observed at different temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate that borax addition reduces dielectric permittivity by 18–32% across 30–120°C while increasing relaxation times by 23% (τ = 1.2–3.6 × 10−5 s) and decreasing dielectric strength by 40% (Δε = 0.9–2.0) compared to unloaded samples. AC conductivity analysis reveals distinct behavior: unloaded EPDM follows a single power-law (s = 0.60–0.90), whereas borax composites exhibit dual conduction regions (s1 = 0.45–0.65, s2 = 0.70–0.90). Cole–Cole plots and equivalent circuit modeling further show borax samples display 35% higher bulk resistance, confirming modified interfacial polarization. These quantitative findings provide clear evidence of borax’s ability to systematically tune EPDM’s dielectric response for applications requiring controlled electrical properties. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how additives like borax impact material performance and paves the way for the development of advanced polymer-based electrical components with tailored properties for various applications.