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<p>In this study, superluminal solutions in vacuum and tunneling solutions in optical media of Maxwell equations are computed strictly within the framework of classical electrodynamics without violating Lorentz invariance. Specifically, the vacuum solutions are decomposed into subluminal and tachyon modes, demonstrating that the former behave like evanescent waves while the latter act like traveling waves. The superluminal components are the only elements contributing to the total electromagnetic finite energy flux. In optical media, on the other hand, tunneling solutions are obtained by imposing the condition of the complexification of ordinary spacetime without entering the realm of quantum mechanics. This approach imposes constraints on the permittivity value of the optical material. However, also it allows for the interpretation of experimental results conducted on waveguides made with epsilon-near-zero materials in which the superluminal behaviour of electromagnetic waves seems to appear.</p>

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Superluminal and tunnelling solutions to Maxwell equations from the perspective of classical electrodynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Luca Nanni

摘要

In this study, superluminal solutions in vacuum and tunneling solutions in optical media of Maxwell equations are computed strictly within the framework of classical electrodynamics without violating Lorentz invariance. Specifically, the vacuum solutions are decomposed into subluminal and tachyon modes, demonstrating that the former behave like evanescent waves while the latter act like traveling waves. The superluminal components are the only elements contributing to the total electromagnetic finite energy flux. In optical media, on the other hand, tunneling solutions are obtained by imposing the condition of the complexification of ordinary spacetime without entering the realm of quantum mechanics. This approach imposes constraints on the permittivity value of the optical material. However, also it allows for the interpretation of experimental results conducted on waveguides made with epsilon-near-zero materials in which the superluminal behaviour of electromagnetic waves seems to appear.