The present article elaborates the heat sink/source effect on the MHD flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid between two rotating and stretchable disks with a non-linear Darcy–Forchheimer model. The water-based combination of single ( \(Al_2O_3\) ), double ( \(Al_2O_3\) +CuO ), and triple \((Al_2O_3 + CuO + Cu)\) nanoparticles are taken to form mono, hybrid, and ternary nanofluids. The flow and thermal characteristics of hybrid \((Al_2O_3 + CuO)\) and ternary \((Al_2O_3 + CuO + Cu)\) nanofluids have been observed. The corresponding equations are modeled in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs), and these equations are transformed into a set of ODEs using Von Karman transformations. The continuity, momentum, and temperature equations are solved using Runge–Kutta’s 4th- order approach with the shooting technique. An explanation of the Darcy–Forchheimer extended model in the presence of porous medium, velocity slips at the interface of fluid and disc, thermal radiation effects, and heat sink/source effect is provided in the study. Compared to mono and binary nanofluids, ternary nanofluid exhibits the lowest tangential velocity and the highest heat transfer at fluid and solid interfaces. The applications of study include advanced cooling systems in electronic devices, where ternary nanofluid enhances heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, these findings are applicable in the design of energy-efficient lubrication systems in rotating machinery and turbines, where managing heat transfer is critical.
