MHD radiating flow in a hybrid solution of C₂H₆O₂–H₂O to disperse Ag–Al₂O₃ hybrid nanoparticles taking into account the effects of nanoparticle shapes

Comparative flow analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Ag–Al₂O₃ hybrid nanoparticles in C₂H₆O₂–H₂O (50–50%) hybrid base fluid and a single nanoparticle-based mono-nanofluid (Al₂O₃–C₂H₆O₂–H₂O) through permeable stretched tubes under the prevalence of variable magnetic flux, solar radiating heat, and shape factor of nanoparticles is presented in this research. Boundary value problems are obtained by transforming the equations into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The numerical results for these nonlinear leading equations are computed using the Runge–Kutta method of order 4 coupled with the Fehlberg method in conjunction with relevant boundary conditions. The computations are done by a program that uses the symbolic and computational software Maple 17. The effects of embedded flow factors on temperature and velocity have been studied parametrically. Interestingly, the fluid velocity curves of Ag–Al₂O₃–C₂H₆O₂–H₂O show a rapid decline in slope when the magnetic field and Reynolds number rise compared to Al₂O₃–C₂H₆O₂–H₂O. Whereas, the thermal boundary layer width grows quickly for hybrid nanofluid with the augmentation of the magnetic field, nanoparticle shape, and thermal radiation. Moreover, the temperature distribution for hybrid nanofluid is better in contrast to mono-nanofluid for the temperature ratio parameter and the nanoparticle’s shape parameter. With increasing values of the thermal radiation parameter and magnetic field parameter, the heat transfer rate enlarges, and the rate of heat transfer is greater for a hybrid nanofluid than for a mono-nanofluid. As a conclusion, it is evident that the choice of hybrid nanoparticles will have a significant impact on the stream function in addition to the cooling and heating processes.