Simulation and efficiency improvement of perovskite solar cells using optimized carbon nanotube charge collector and molybdenum trioxide layer

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possess great potential for efficient conversion of solar energy into electricity. A critical aspect in improving PSC efficiency lies in minimizing charge accumulation within the structure while ensuring prompt charge transfer to the external circuit to prevent recombination. In this study, we present a simulation and optimization approach for PSCs, incorporating a carbon nanotube (CNT) layer as a charge collector on the cathode side. The high conductivity of the CNT layer facilitates rapid electron transfer to the cathode. Furthermore, we employ a Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) layer between the hole transport layer (HTL) and the anode layer to enhance hole transport by aligning energy levels. Our simulation results demonstrate that the incorporation of these layers significantly enhances the performance parameters of PSCs. Through the optimization of CNT and MoO₃ layer thicknesses, along with the perovskite layer density, we achieve a remarkable increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the conventional PSC structure, reaching 22.80%.