Comprehensive investigation of geometrical parameters utilizing various XRD methods and their impact on the electrochemical performance of SnS₂ nanoparticles

In this paper, SnS₂ nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by the solvothermal method using tin chloride, thiourea and sodium hydroxide as precursors. The SnS₂ NPs were characterized through different experimental techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of SnS₂ NPs. The Crystallite size (D) of SnS₂ NPs is determined by the Debye–Scherrer method, Williamson–Hall (W–H) method, Size–Strain (SS) method and Halder–Wagner (H–W) method. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show clear spherical morphology. The direct energy band gap of SnS₂ NPs are 2.0 and 1.7 eV, respectively. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCDs) studies, the SnS₂ electrodes have Specific capacitance (Cp) of 622 and 848 (F/g) at the scan rate of 10 mV/s and 625 and 683 (F/g) at the current density (CD) of 5 mA, respectively. The SnS₂ electrodes have specific energy (SE) of 32 and 35 (Wh/kg) at a specific power (SP) of 1500 (W/kg), respectively.