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<p>This study evaluates the real-time performance of MADOCA-based Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services in Eastern India, using a low-cost, SWaP-C-optimized GNSS module, corrections were received via MADOCA-PPP over IP using the MADWIN/NTRIP client service, rather than via broadcast L6 signals. Both the legacy MADOCA correction stream (GPS + GLONASS + QZSS) and the updated version (GPS + GLONASS + Galileo + QZSS with PPP-AR) were assessed over 14,400 epochs and benchmarked against post processed CSRS-PPP service. This is the first report from India on the performance of updated MADOCA PPP service, offering critical insights into its operational potential in the region. Results show that the updated MADOCA configuration significantly improves convergence time, horizontal accuracy, and positioning stability. Key metrics, including 2DRMS, CEP, and MRSE, confirm reductions in horizontal and vertical errors of up to 75% in 2DRMS compared to the legacy model. CSRS-PPP, utilizing post-processed IGS Final products, achieved the highest precision with sub-centimetre accuracy across all dimensions. Signal quality analysis indicated robust carrier-to-noise ratios across GPS, Galileo, and QZSS, supporting reliable satellite tracking and noise resilience. Time series and error distribution analyses further validated the superior performance of the updated MADOCA solution. This research highlights the viability of cost-effective, real-time high-precision GNSS positioning in India using compact hardware, supporting applications in defense, surveying, navigation, and infrastructure monitoring. It also underscores the value of regional PPP customization to overcome environmental and infrastructure challenges, paving the way for scalable deployment of GNSS technologies in resource-constrained settings.</p>

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Integration of Galileo and PPP-AR Enhancements to Improve GNSS Accuracy from India Through Updated MADOCA-PPP

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Aiswarya S. Pillai,
  • Somnath Mahato,
  • Mrinal Goswami,
  • Bibekananda Panda,
  • Surajit Kundu

摘要

This study evaluates the real-time performance of MADOCA-based Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services in Eastern India, using a low-cost, SWaP-C-optimized GNSS module, corrections were received via MADOCA-PPP over IP using the MADWIN/NTRIP client service, rather than via broadcast L6 signals. Both the legacy MADOCA correction stream (GPS + GLONASS + QZSS) and the updated version (GPS + GLONASS + Galileo + QZSS with PPP-AR) were assessed over 14,400 epochs and benchmarked against post processed CSRS-PPP service. This is the first report from India on the performance of updated MADOCA PPP service, offering critical insights into its operational potential in the region. Results show that the updated MADOCA configuration significantly improves convergence time, horizontal accuracy, and positioning stability. Key metrics, including 2DRMS, CEP, and MRSE, confirm reductions in horizontal and vertical errors of up to 75% in 2DRMS compared to the legacy model. CSRS-PPP, utilizing post-processed IGS Final products, achieved the highest precision with sub-centimetre accuracy across all dimensions. Signal quality analysis indicated robust carrier-to-noise ratios across GPS, Galileo, and QZSS, supporting reliable satellite tracking and noise resilience. Time series and error distribution analyses further validated the superior performance of the updated MADOCA solution. This research highlights the viability of cost-effective, real-time high-precision GNSS positioning in India using compact hardware, supporting applications in defense, surveying, navigation, and infrastructure monitoring. It also underscores the value of regional PPP customization to overcome environmental and infrastructure challenges, paving the way for scalable deployment of GNSS technologies in resource-constrained settings.