<p>While there is a diverse selection of models available for studying the characteristics of sound absorption, the challenge lies in choosing the most suitable model for a given situation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of sound absorption characteristics prediction models, including a comparison of various models. Sound Absorption models can be categorized as empirical and micro-structural/semi-empirical. Empirical models use limited parameters, such as the flow resistivity of air to estimate the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) without taking into account the specific sound propagation mechanism occurring within the material. In contrast, Micro-structural/semi-empirical models analyze the pore geometry to ascertain the SAC characteristics. This paper discusses the measurement uncertainty in the evaluation of sound absorption characteristics of acoustical materials using the sound absorption facility and prediction errors associated with various analytical models for the prediction of sound absorption characteristics of various acoustical materials. The study shall be helpful for the selection of appropriate models and pave the way for the design and development of future prediction models.</p>