<p>Mindfulness-based interventions are a promising approach to reducing the adverse effects of social exclusion. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the mediating and moderating roles of self-control and mindfulness in the relationship between social exclusion and health information avoidance, as well as the effectiveness of mindfulness training. Participants were assigned to an experimental group (<i>n</i> = 48), which received an eight-week mindfulness training program based on Kabat-Zinn’s method, and to a control group (<i>n</i> = 58), which continued with their standard university courses and received no intervention. After the training, all participants completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Cyberball paradigm, the Stroop task, and the Health Information Avoidance Scale. Our study revealed that social exclusion significantly increased health information avoidance, and this effect was mediated by self-control. In addition, mindfulness training attenuated the effect of social exclusion on self-control, which in turn influenced health information avoidance. This study enriches Howell’s Theory of Resource Threat Management and highlights mindfulness training as an effective intervention strategy to reduce health information avoidance.</p>