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<p>A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation was conducted to elucidate the surface ultrastructure of <i>Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum</i> Koch, 1844, with emphasis on the morphology and functional adaptations of its mouthparts. The hypostome was found to possess robust, posteriorly directed barbs arranged in a dental formula of 3/3, consistent with its secure attachment mechanism during prolonged blood feeding. The palps exhibited prominent sensory setae and cuticular sensilla, indicating a sophisticated chemosensory mechanism likely involved in host detection and environmental sensing. The present study evaluated morphometric and qualitative differences between male and female specimens of <i>H. anatolicum excavatum</i>, suggesting functional divergence in feeding and respiratory structures. These morphometric and structural differences provide reliable criteria for sex differentiation and enhance the taxonomic characterization of the species. Furthermore, these ultrastructural features not only reflect the tick’s parasitic adaptations but also provide insights into the evolutionary divergence of feeding structures among ixodid genera.</p>

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Microscopic adaptations of ixodid tick (Acari: Metastigmata) Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum Koch, 1844: a scanning electron microscopy study of adult morphology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Tanusri Das,
  • Shelley Acharya

摘要

A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation was conducted to elucidate the surface ultrastructure of Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum Koch, 1844, with emphasis on the morphology and functional adaptations of its mouthparts. The hypostome was found to possess robust, posteriorly directed barbs arranged in a dental formula of 3/3, consistent with its secure attachment mechanism during prolonged blood feeding. The palps exhibited prominent sensory setae and cuticular sensilla, indicating a sophisticated chemosensory mechanism likely involved in host detection and environmental sensing. The present study evaluated morphometric and qualitative differences between male and female specimens of H. anatolicum excavatum, suggesting functional divergence in feeding and respiratory structures. These morphometric and structural differences provide reliable criteria for sex differentiation and enhance the taxonomic characterization of the species. Furthermore, these ultrastructural features not only reflect the tick’s parasitic adaptations but also provide insights into the evolutionary divergence of feeding structures among ixodid genera.