<p>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries due to the high prevalence of poverty. Of all the NTDs, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are considered the most prevalent worldwide. The human whipworm, <i>Trichuris trichiura</i>, is 1 of 3 well-documented STH infections by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the leading STH infection of the Philippines as documented by recent studies. Despite this alarming rate and big data reported for the country, geographical distribution of the infection remained anecdotal, especially ecological covariates that drive its rate of infection. To address such a gap in mapping the known spatial distribution of <i>T trichiura in the country,</i> this research created a species distribution model (SDM) using known occurrences of <i>T. trichiura</i> cases, and bioclimatic and topographic environmental layers were run using the maximum entropy algorithm. Creating SDMs has been used extensively in epidemiology to determine the biogeography of disease-causing organisms and the environmental variables that correlate with them. The initial model predicted a wide distribution of <i>T. trichiura</i> across the whole archipelagic main islands of the country: Luzon and Visayas and some areas in Mindanao. Out of the 19 bioclimatic variables utilized, the prediction distribution of <i>T. trichiura</i> was significantly affected by the mean temperature of the warmest quarter (37.7%). In addition, jackknife evaluation showed a strong influence on the mean temperature of the driest quarter when tested in isolation.</p>

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Bioclimatic mapping of the spatial distribution of Trichuris trichiura in the Philippines using maximum entropy algorithm

  • Loida M. Recopuerto-Medina,
  • Kirsten Nicole P. Arcega,
  • Francesca Michaela G. Granda,
  • Jahrom A. Jacinto,
  • Kayla Gabrielle C. Lecciones,
  • Rizza Lyn Lim,
  • Cameron Leelo R. Medina,
  • Nikki Heherson A. Dagamac

摘要

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries due to the high prevalence of poverty. Of all the NTDs, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are considered the most prevalent worldwide. The human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, is 1 of 3 well-documented STH infections by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the leading STH infection of the Philippines as documented by recent studies. Despite this alarming rate and big data reported for the country, geographical distribution of the infection remained anecdotal, especially ecological covariates that drive its rate of infection. To address such a gap in mapping the known spatial distribution of T trichiura in the country, this research created a species distribution model (SDM) using known occurrences of T. trichiura cases, and bioclimatic and topographic environmental layers were run using the maximum entropy algorithm. Creating SDMs has been used extensively in epidemiology to determine the biogeography of disease-causing organisms and the environmental variables that correlate with them. The initial model predicted a wide distribution of T. trichiura across the whole archipelagic main islands of the country: Luzon and Visayas and some areas in Mindanao. Out of the 19 bioclimatic variables utilized, the prediction distribution of T. trichiura was significantly affected by the mean temperature of the warmest quarter (37.7%). In addition, jackknife evaluation showed a strong influence on the mean temperature of the driest quarter when tested in isolation.