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<p>African animal trypanosomosis remains a major constraint to livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, with pigs increasingly affected in endemic regions. This study assessed the prevalence and drug sensitivity of trypanosomes in pigs from the sub-humid savanna zone of southeastern Nigeria. A total of 213 pigs slaughtered at the Ikpa Municipal Abattoir, Nsukka, were sampled between November 2021 and March 2022. Blood samples were examined for trypanosomes using wet film, buffy coat method, haematocrit centrifugation technique, and Giemsa-stained smears. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined for all animals. Samples with PCV &lt; 22% and a set of randomly selected negative samples were inoculated into immunosuppressed mice for parasite amplification. Trypanosome-positive isolates were further tested for drug sensitivity using the single-dose test in mice, with diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride. Overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 6.6% (14/213), with <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> being the only species identified. Prevalence did not differ significantly by sex or age. Infected pigs had significantly lower mean packed cell volume (27.43 ± 1.24%) compared to uninfected pigs (32.35 ± 0.45%; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). All 14 <i>T. brucei</i> isolates were sensitive (100%) to both trypanocides tested, with no evidence of resistance observed over a 60-days post-treatment monitoring period in mice. These findings confirm the ongoing presence of porcine trypanosomosis in the Sub-Humid Savanna Zone of Southeastern Nigeria and emphasize the need for routine surveillance. Despite using multiple parasitological techniques and mouse inoculation, low-level or mixed-species infections may have been missed, potentially underestimating the true prevalence of porcine trypanosomosis. The absence of drug resistance indicates that current trypanocidal treatments remain effective; however, continuous monitoring is recommended to detect potential emergence of resistance. This study provides essential data to inform evidence-based strategies for controlling trypanosomiasis and enhancing pig health and productivity in Southeastern Nigeria.</p>

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Prevalence and drug sensitivity of trypanosomes in pigs from the sub-humid Savanna zone of Southeastern Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Chukwunonso Francis Obi,
  • Michael I. Okpala,
  • Shalom C. Enyinna,
  • Ganiyu E. Aneru,
  • Chijioke N. Iheagwam,
  • Ikenna O. Ezeh,
  • Denchris N. Onah,
  • Romanus C. Ezeokonkwo

摘要

African animal trypanosomosis remains a major constraint to livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, with pigs increasingly affected in endemic regions. This study assessed the prevalence and drug sensitivity of trypanosomes in pigs from the sub-humid savanna zone of southeastern Nigeria. A total of 213 pigs slaughtered at the Ikpa Municipal Abattoir, Nsukka, were sampled between November 2021 and March 2022. Blood samples were examined for trypanosomes using wet film, buffy coat method, haematocrit centrifugation technique, and Giemsa-stained smears. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined for all animals. Samples with PCV < 22% and a set of randomly selected negative samples were inoculated into immunosuppressed mice for parasite amplification. Trypanosome-positive isolates were further tested for drug sensitivity using the single-dose test in mice, with diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride. Overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 6.6% (14/213), with Trypanosoma brucei being the only species identified. Prevalence did not differ significantly by sex or age. Infected pigs had significantly lower mean packed cell volume (27.43 ± 1.24%) compared to uninfected pigs (32.35 ± 0.45%; P < 0.05). All 14 T. brucei isolates were sensitive (100%) to both trypanocides tested, with no evidence of resistance observed over a 60-days post-treatment monitoring period in mice. These findings confirm the ongoing presence of porcine trypanosomosis in the Sub-Humid Savanna Zone of Southeastern Nigeria and emphasize the need for routine surveillance. Despite using multiple parasitological techniques and mouse inoculation, low-level or mixed-species infections may have been missed, potentially underestimating the true prevalence of porcine trypanosomosis. The absence of drug resistance indicates that current trypanocidal treatments remain effective; however, continuous monitoring is recommended to detect potential emergence of resistance. This study provides essential data to inform evidence-based strategies for controlling trypanosomiasis and enhancing pig health and productivity in Southeastern Nigeria.