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<p>Zoonotic foodborne trematodes are a growing concern at the livestock–human interface. To investigate their occurrence and genetic identity, we examined 1,332 pigs across seven districts of Assam and one site each in Meghalaya and Nagaland. Infections occurred in 38 animals, comprising <i>Artyfechinostomum malayanum</i>, <i>Fasciolopsis buski</i>, and <i>Gastrodiscoides hominis</i>. <i>A. malayanum</i> was the most common in Lakhimpur (24.19%), followed by Shillong (11.76%), Sivasagar (0.5%), and Charaideo (0.18%). <i>F. buski</i> was found in Dimapur (7.69%) and Charaideo (0.18%), while <i>G. hominis</i> occurred in Sivasagar (0.25%). BLAST analysis of the ITS2 and <i>COXI</i> sequences largely defined the specific identity of the specimens. P-distance analysis showed minimal intraspecific variation in Indian <i>A. malayanum</i>/<i>A. sufrartyfex</i> isolates (≤ 0.5% ITS2; ≤1.2% <i>COXI</i>) and low divergence from Thai isolates (≤ 1.8%), supporting their synonymy. Indian <i>F. buski</i> isolates were homogeneous but diverged from their Chinese and Vietnamese counterparts (7% ITS2; 11.1–11.3% <i>COXI</i>), suggesting a distinct lineage in India. <i>G. hominis</i> exhibited low variation (≤ 0.3% ITS2) yet consistent divergence from <i>H. paloniae</i> (1–1.4% ITS2; 12.9–13.2% <i>COXI</i>), confirming taxonomic validity. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the placement of all three species within their respective families. These findings confirm the species identities of the trematode specimens, highlight the endemicity of <i>A. malayanum</i>, provide new records of <i>F. buski</i> and <i>G. hominis</i>, and underscore Northeast India as a potential hotspot for zoonotic trematodes in pigs, warranting strengthened surveillance, deworming, and improved farming practices in this region.</p>

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Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of zoonotic trematodes in pigs from Northeastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Dipshikha Saikia,
  • Rija Gogoi,
  • Harshita Neog,
  • Suman Dahal,
  • Sudeep Ghatani

摘要

Zoonotic foodborne trematodes are a growing concern at the livestock–human interface. To investigate their occurrence and genetic identity, we examined 1,332 pigs across seven districts of Assam and one site each in Meghalaya and Nagaland. Infections occurred in 38 animals, comprising Artyfechinostomum malayanum, Fasciolopsis buski, and Gastrodiscoides hominis. A. malayanum was the most common in Lakhimpur (24.19%), followed by Shillong (11.76%), Sivasagar (0.5%), and Charaideo (0.18%). F. buski was found in Dimapur (7.69%) and Charaideo (0.18%), while G. hominis occurred in Sivasagar (0.25%). BLAST analysis of the ITS2 and COXI sequences largely defined the specific identity of the specimens. P-distance analysis showed minimal intraspecific variation in Indian A. malayanum/A. sufrartyfex isolates (≤ 0.5% ITS2; ≤1.2% COXI) and low divergence from Thai isolates (≤ 1.8%), supporting their synonymy. Indian F. buski isolates were homogeneous but diverged from their Chinese and Vietnamese counterparts (7% ITS2; 11.1–11.3% COXI), suggesting a distinct lineage in India. G. hominis exhibited low variation (≤ 0.3% ITS2) yet consistent divergence from H. paloniae (1–1.4% ITS2; 12.9–13.2% COXI), confirming taxonomic validity. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the placement of all three species within their respective families. These findings confirm the species identities of the trematode specimens, highlight the endemicity of A. malayanum, provide new records of F. buski and G. hominis, and underscore Northeast India as a potential hotspot for zoonotic trematodes in pigs, warranting strengthened surveillance, deworming, and improved farming practices in this region.