<p>Dengue, HIV, Malaria, Tuberculosis, etc., are infectious diseases prioritized by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, some other infectious diseases like Chagas disease, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis, trachoma, etc., are known as neglected diseases because people affected by these diseases are unable to pay for the expensive treatment. Leishmaniasis warrants specific attention due to its significant disease burden, and there are no satisfactory therapeutic measures available for it. Many antileishmanial drugs have shown increasing resistance, and there is no vaccine available for this disease. Therefore, new and effective antileishmanial drugs are urgently required, and a parasitic disease biobank (PDB) related to neglected disease and drug repurposing would be helpful to discover new antileishmanials. A total of 26 articles were included based on specific interventions of PDB and antileishmanial drugs. They were searched from the websites Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate, and published in peer-reviewed journals within the last 10&#xa0;years. Articles published in non-English languages and not reporting specific outcome measures were the exclusion criteria. Further target-based drug repurposing can be done to develop new antileishmanial drugs quickly. PDB could play a crucial role in monitoring infections (Leishmaniasis, Malaria, Trypanosoma, etc.), understanding multi-drug resistance, and biomarker-based diagnosis that could be a step forward in the management of parasitic diseases like Leishmaniasis. This article explains the need for PDB, its operational considerations, and its governance for its useful access. The paper emphasizes its need in developing countries, and the interesting issue of target-based in vitro repurposed drug screening for the development of effective antileishmanial molecules against Leishmaniasis.</p>