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<p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of three zoonotic malaria parasites known as <i>Plasmodium cynomolgi</i>, <i>P. inui</i>, and <i>P. knowlesi</i> in long-tailed macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) from wildlife-human conflict zones in Selangor, Malaysia. The study conducted between September 2022 and April 2023, involved <i>N</i> = 100 macaques culled as part of wildlife management programs in Petaling and Hulu Langat districts. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed a prevalence of 24% for <i>P. cynomolgi</i>, 23% for <i>P. inui</i>, and 4% for <i>P. knowlesi</i>. Infection patterns included 51% single infections, 18% dual infections, and 2% triple infections. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Maximum Likelihood method with the Kimura 2-parameter model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Results identified major lineages (S-type and A-type) for all three <i>Plasmodium</i> species, providing insights into their evolutionary relationships and host-parasite interactions. The findings underscore the zoonotic potential of long-tailed macaques in wildlife-human conflict zones and emphasize the need for regular monitoring and surveillance to mitigate the public health risks associated with zoonotic malaria.</p>

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Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of zoonotic Plasmodium in long-tailed macaques: insights from wildlife-human conflict zones in Selangor, Malaysia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月22日

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  • Safawati Zawani Zamri,
  • Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz,
  • Mazlina Mazlan,
  • Yaro Sallau Saidu,
  • Atiqah Zulhisam,
  • Azlan Che-Amat,
  • Quincie Sipin

摘要

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of three zoonotic malaria parasites known as Plasmodium cynomolgi, P. inui, and P. knowlesi in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from wildlife-human conflict zones in Selangor, Malaysia. The study conducted between September 2022 and April 2023, involved N = 100 macaques culled as part of wildlife management programs in Petaling and Hulu Langat districts. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed a prevalence of 24% for P. cynomolgi, 23% for P. inui, and 4% for P. knowlesi. Infection patterns included 51% single infections, 18% dual infections, and 2% triple infections. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Maximum Likelihood method with the Kimura 2-parameter model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Results identified major lineages (S-type and A-type) for all three Plasmodium species, providing insights into their evolutionary relationships and host-parasite interactions. The findings underscore the zoonotic potential of long-tailed macaques in wildlife-human conflict zones and emphasize the need for regular monitoring and surveillance to mitigate the public health risks associated with zoonotic malaria.