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<p>This study investigates the sustainable utilization of coal gangue (CG) and agricultural cellulose as raw materials for synthesizing high-performance adsorbents for dye wastewater treatment. Pure SiO₂ and cellulose–silica composite (C-SAG) aerogels were prepared and characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and BET analyses. Adsorption experiments with Safranine T (ST) showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of C-SAG and SiO₂ aerogels were 49.32&#xa0;mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> and 47.50&#xa0;mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup>, respectively, based on Langmuir isotherm fitting at 298&#xa0;K (pH 6.0, adsorbent dosage: 1.5&#xa0;g·L⁻<sup>1</sup>, contact time: 360&#xa0;min). Both materials followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption-dominated mechanism. Notably, C-SAG reached adsorption equilibrium more rapidly (90&#xa0;min) than SiO₂ aerogel (210&#xa0;min), demonstrating superior kinetic performance. Mechanistic analyses confirmed that adsorption is governed by synergistic effects, including hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and ion exchange. Although the synthesis cost of C-SAG was slightly higher, economic evaluation revealed a favorable cost-to-performance ratio (E = 1.41 CNY·g⁻<sup>1</sup>), defined as the synthesis cost per gram of dye removal capacity. Considering its efficient utilization of industrial and agricultural waste, C-SAG is established as a highly sustainable and economically competitive adsorbent for industrial wastewater remediation.</p>

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Coal Gangue as a Silicon Source for SiO2 Aerogel and Cellulose-Silica Composite Adsorbents: A Comparative Study on Safranine T Removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Peng Wei,
  • Hao Wen,
  • Xu Liu,
  • Kemin Wei,
  • Xichen Zheng,
  • Jia He,
  • Shaoli Fan,
  • Linjuan Zhang,
  • Jian Gao

摘要

This study investigates the sustainable utilization of coal gangue (CG) and agricultural cellulose as raw materials for synthesizing high-performance adsorbents for dye wastewater treatment. Pure SiO₂ and cellulose–silica composite (C-SAG) aerogels were prepared and characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and BET analyses. Adsorption experiments with Safranine T (ST) showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of C-SAG and SiO₂ aerogels were 49.32 mg·g⁻1 and 47.50 mg·g⁻1, respectively, based on Langmuir isotherm fitting at 298 K (pH 6.0, adsorbent dosage: 1.5 g·L⁻1, contact time: 360 min). Both materials followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption-dominated mechanism. Notably, C-SAG reached adsorption equilibrium more rapidly (90 min) than SiO₂ aerogel (210 min), demonstrating superior kinetic performance. Mechanistic analyses confirmed that adsorption is governed by synergistic effects, including hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and ion exchange. Although the synthesis cost of C-SAG was slightly higher, economic evaluation revealed a favorable cost-to-performance ratio (E = 1.41 CNY·g⁻1), defined as the synthesis cost per gram of dye removal capacity. Considering its efficient utilization of industrial and agricultural waste, C-SAG is established as a highly sustainable and economically competitive adsorbent for industrial wastewater remediation.