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<p>This research investigates the development and performance of hybrid fiber composites incorporating glass and natural palm fruit fibers with a polyurethane-silicone (PU + Silicone) interlayer and additive variations (waste rubber and sisal powder). Six composite laminates with different stacking sequences were fabricated and categorized into Group I (M1, M3, M5) and Group II (M2, M4, M6). Mechanical testing revealed that both stacking order and additive type strongly influenced tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, impact, and hardness properties. Composites with glass layers on the outer surfaces (Group I) exhibited superior stress transfer and mechanical performance, with the sisal-filled M5 laminate showing the highest overall strength and stiffness. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed enhanced interfacial adhesion and stiffness in M5, as evidenced by its maximum storage modulus and glass transition temperature. Microstructural and crystallinity analyses using FESEM and X-ray diffraction highlighted the uniform fiber dispersion and structural integrity of the optimized composites. These findings demonstrate that strategic stacking combined with functional additives can significantly enhance the mechanical and thermal performance of hybrid fiber composites, offering potential for advanced structural applications.</p>

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Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Palm Fruit/Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites with Polyurethane-silicone Interlayer and Hybrid Fillers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • G. M. Pradeep,
  • M. Selvaraj

摘要

This research investigates the development and performance of hybrid fiber composites incorporating glass and natural palm fruit fibers with a polyurethane-silicone (PU + Silicone) interlayer and additive variations (waste rubber and sisal powder). Six composite laminates with different stacking sequences were fabricated and categorized into Group I (M1, M3, M5) and Group II (M2, M4, M6). Mechanical testing revealed that both stacking order and additive type strongly influenced tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, impact, and hardness properties. Composites with glass layers on the outer surfaces (Group I) exhibited superior stress transfer and mechanical performance, with the sisal-filled M5 laminate showing the highest overall strength and stiffness. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed enhanced interfacial adhesion and stiffness in M5, as evidenced by its maximum storage modulus and glass transition temperature. Microstructural and crystallinity analyses using FESEM and X-ray diffraction highlighted the uniform fiber dispersion and structural integrity of the optimized composites. These findings demonstrate that strategic stacking combined with functional additives can significantly enhance the mechanical and thermal performance of hybrid fiber composites, offering potential for advanced structural applications.