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<p>Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) was successfully prepared and reinforced in different proportions (0.05%, 0.25%, 0.5%) into chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/nanobioactive glass using a sol–gel assisted solvent casting technique, forming CPBCN1, CPBCN2, and CPBCN3 scaffolds for bone tissue application. The scaffolds’ functional groups, composition, and physicochemical properties were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The CPBCN2 scaffold exhibited enhanced tensile and compressive strength of 68.2 ± 1.4&#xa0;MPa and 6.4 ± 4.1&#xa0;MPa, respectively, compared to CPBCN0 (without MWCNT), aligning with cancellous bone values. Morphological and microstructural characterization using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed a diameter of 20–40&#xa0;nm and a rough surface with adequate porosity. f-MWCNT addition reduced porosity and water uptake, maintaining a suitable degradation rate of 16% after 5&#xa0;weeks in phosphate buffer solution. Calcification assay showed hydroxyapatite-like granules, and elemental analysis by FESEM with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) confirmed the presence of silicon, calcium, and phosphate. Antibacterial activity tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Gram-negative) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (Gram-positive) showed moderate activity compared to control. Hemocompatibility assessed through hemolytic assay confirmed non-toxicity. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/nanobioactive glass/carbon nanotube nanocomposite (CPBCN) scaffolds had no adverse effects on MG63 cell viability. Therefore, the study successfully fabricated innovative CPBCN, demonstrating their potential as biocompatible and mechanically competent materials suitable for bone tissue engineering and regeneration applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Bio-inspired Chitosan/poly(vinyl Alcohol)/nanobioactive Glass/functionalized Carbon Nanotube Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • P. Narmatha Christy,
  • S. Khaleel Basha,
  • V. Sugantha Kumari

摘要

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) was successfully prepared and reinforced in different proportions (0.05%, 0.25%, 0.5%) into chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/nanobioactive glass using a sol–gel assisted solvent casting technique, forming CPBCN1, CPBCN2, and CPBCN3 scaffolds for bone tissue application. The scaffolds’ functional groups, composition, and physicochemical properties were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The CPBCN2 scaffold exhibited enhanced tensile and compressive strength of 68.2 ± 1.4 MPa and 6.4 ± 4.1 MPa, respectively, compared to CPBCN0 (without MWCNT), aligning with cancellous bone values. Morphological and microstructural characterization using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed a diameter of 20–40 nm and a rough surface with adequate porosity. f-MWCNT addition reduced porosity and water uptake, maintaining a suitable degradation rate of 16% after 5 weeks in phosphate buffer solution. Calcification assay showed hydroxyapatite-like granules, and elemental analysis by FESEM with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) confirmed the presence of silicon, calcium, and phosphate. Antibacterial activity tested against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) showed moderate activity compared to control. Hemocompatibility assessed through hemolytic assay confirmed non-toxicity. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/nanobioactive glass/carbon nanotube nanocomposite (CPBCN) scaffolds had no adverse effects on MG63 cell viability. Therefore, the study successfully fabricated innovative CPBCN, demonstrating their potential as biocompatible and mechanically competent materials suitable for bone tissue engineering and regeneration applications.

Graphical Abstract