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Purpose <p>This research aims to develop an eco-friendly and high-performance alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete using geopolymer concrete synthesized from industrial by-products (metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and copper slag) and natural jute fibre, addressing environmental issues while improving mechanical properties.</p> Methods <p>Geopolymer concrete is prepared with metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag, copper slag (10–40% replacement of M-sand), and 1% jute fibre and experimented at 10&#xa0;M, 12&#xa0;M, and 14&#xa0;M alkaline molarities. The mechanical qualities, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, as well as water absorption, are determined experimentally. Additionally, after 7 and 28&#xa0;days, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses are performed. MATLAB simulations are employed for the mix design optimization.</p> Results <p>It is found that by raising the molarity and copper slag content, the mechanical qualities of the geopolymer concrete are enhanced to a large extent. The greatest performance is associated with a combination of 40% copper slag, 1% jute fibre, and 14&#xa0;M sodium hydroxide, which resulted in 28-day mechanical qualities of 55&#xa0;MPa, 4.2&#xa0;MPa, and 4&#xa0;MPa, respectively. Both scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses present that the materials developed sodium aluminosilicate hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate gels, which led to an increase in strength and improvement of structural integrity. Copper slag helped to raise the density of the material and the development of calcium-rich gels, whereas the jute fibres improved the material's flexibility and helped it resist cracking.</p> Conclusion <p>The presented geopolymer concrete system is a felicitous combination of industrial waste (copper slag) and natural fibre (jute) to enhance the material mechanical qualities and make it more eco-friendly; thus, it is a potential candidate as a substitute for traditional concrete for the next generation of construction projects.</p>

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Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating Copper Slag and Jute Fibre

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • T. Balamurugesan,
  • V. Johnpaul,
  • N. Balasundaram,
  • G. Prince Arulraj

摘要

Purpose

This research aims to develop an eco-friendly and high-performance alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete using geopolymer concrete synthesized from industrial by-products (metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and copper slag) and natural jute fibre, addressing environmental issues while improving mechanical properties.

Methods

Geopolymer concrete is prepared with metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag, copper slag (10–40% replacement of M-sand), and 1% jute fibre and experimented at 10 M, 12 M, and 14 M alkaline molarities. The mechanical qualities, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, as well as water absorption, are determined experimentally. Additionally, after 7 and 28 days, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses are performed. MATLAB simulations are employed for the mix design optimization.

Results

It is found that by raising the molarity and copper slag content, the mechanical qualities of the geopolymer concrete are enhanced to a large extent. The greatest performance is associated with a combination of 40% copper slag, 1% jute fibre, and 14 M sodium hydroxide, which resulted in 28-day mechanical qualities of 55 MPa, 4.2 MPa, and 4 MPa, respectively. Both scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses present that the materials developed sodium aluminosilicate hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate gels, which led to an increase in strength and improvement of structural integrity. Copper slag helped to raise the density of the material and the development of calcium-rich gels, whereas the jute fibres improved the material's flexibility and helped it resist cracking.

Conclusion

The presented geopolymer concrete system is a felicitous combination of industrial waste (copper slag) and natural fibre (jute) to enhance the material mechanical qualities and make it more eco-friendly; thus, it is a potential candidate as a substitute for traditional concrete for the next generation of construction projects.