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<p>This paper presents a new hollow-core metamaterial fiber (HCMF), which contains elliptical wire-based cladding and is designed for the transmission of ultralow losses in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral window ranging between 9–12 µm. The elliptical structure, instead of the common circular-shaped wire structures, of the range of 1–2.7µm improves the electromagnetic field containment in the structure and minimizes the scattering losses. To this, the high finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were conducted on four core-cladding materials: gold (Au), silver (Ag), graphene, and silicon nitride (Si3N4), and their performances were measured. The lowest confinement loss of 1.75 × 10<sup>–15</sup> dB/m/m with fundamental HE<sub>11</sub> mode was reported to be at 9.5 µm. An elliptical geometry was compared with the traditional circular wire geometries, which gave a confinement loss reduction of 65% and no loss of the mode guidance advantage. These findings establish how co-optimization of geometries and materials is important in building MIR photonic platforms in the process of implementing biomedical sensing, environmental surveillance, and defense technologies.</p>

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Ultra-Low Loss Mid-IR Transmission in a Novel Elliptical Wire-Based Hollow Core Metamaterial Fiber

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Zahraa Hummam,
  • Hamid Vahed,
  • Ali Pourziad

摘要

This paper presents a new hollow-core metamaterial fiber (HCMF), which contains elliptical wire-based cladding and is designed for the transmission of ultralow losses in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral window ranging between 9–12 µm. The elliptical structure, instead of the common circular-shaped wire structures, of the range of 1–2.7µm improves the electromagnetic field containment in the structure and minimizes the scattering losses. To this, the high finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were conducted on four core-cladding materials: gold (Au), silver (Ag), graphene, and silicon nitride (Si3N4), and their performances were measured. The lowest confinement loss of 1.75 × 10–15 dB/m/m with fundamental HE11 mode was reported to be at 9.5 µm. An elliptical geometry was compared with the traditional circular wire geometries, which gave a confinement loss reduction of 65% and no loss of the mode guidance advantage. These findings establish how co-optimization of geometries and materials is important in building MIR photonic platforms in the process of implementing biomedical sensing, environmental surveillance, and defense technologies.