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<p>This research investigates the wear and friction behavior, alongside mechanical properties, of Al7475 composites reinforced with SiO₂ derived from palm oil ash and TiO₂ from mining tailings, under both dry and SAE 20 lubricated conditions. Mechanical properties including tensile strength, flexural strength, Charpy impact energy, and hardness were evaluated, complemented by microstructural analysis via SEM. Wear and friction characteristics were assessed by measuring the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate. The findings reveal that the 3 vol.% TiO₂ reinforced composite (M4) exhibited superior overall mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 550.3&#xa0;MPa, a flexural strength of 578&#xa0;MPa, and a Charpy impact energy of 32&#xa0;J, attributed to optimal particle dispersion and efficient load transfer. Conversely, the 5 vol. % SiO₂ reinforced composite (M2) demonstrated exceptional tribological properties and hardness, reaching a hardness of 202 BHN. Under dry sliding, M2 showed the lowest specific wear rate of 0.0048 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm and a COF of 0.45. This excellent wear resistance persisted under wet conditions with SAE 20 lubricant, where M2 recorded an even lower specific wear rate of 0.0042 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm and a COF of 0.43, primarily due to the higher volume fraction of hard SiO₂ particles forming a stable tribolayer that synergizes with the lubricant. The results underscore the potential of these sustainable reinforcements for developing high-performance Al7475 composites for tribological applications.</p>

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Wear and Friction Behavior of Al7475 Composites Reinforced with SiO₂ from Palm Oil Ash, TiO₂ from Mining Tailings, and SAE 20 Lubricant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • I. Rahamathullah,
  • T. Jayakumar,
  • A. Kumaravadivel

摘要

This research investigates the wear and friction behavior, alongside mechanical properties, of Al7475 composites reinforced with SiO₂ derived from palm oil ash and TiO₂ from mining tailings, under both dry and SAE 20 lubricated conditions. Mechanical properties including tensile strength, flexural strength, Charpy impact energy, and hardness were evaluated, complemented by microstructural analysis via SEM. Wear and friction characteristics were assessed by measuring the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate. The findings reveal that the 3 vol.% TiO₂ reinforced composite (M4) exhibited superior overall mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 550.3 MPa, a flexural strength of 578 MPa, and a Charpy impact energy of 32 J, attributed to optimal particle dispersion and efficient load transfer. Conversely, the 5 vol. % SiO₂ reinforced composite (M2) demonstrated exceptional tribological properties and hardness, reaching a hardness of 202 BHN. Under dry sliding, M2 showed the lowest specific wear rate of 0.0048 mm3/Nm and a COF of 0.45. This excellent wear resistance persisted under wet conditions with SAE 20 lubricant, where M2 recorded an even lower specific wear rate of 0.0042 mm3/Nm and a COF of 0.43, primarily due to the higher volume fraction of hard SiO₂ particles forming a stable tribolayer that synergizes with the lubricant. The results underscore the potential of these sustainable reinforcements for developing high-performance Al7475 composites for tribological applications.