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<p>Solar energy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional energy sources due to its renewable and environmentally benign nature. Silicon-based solar cells remain at the forefront of photovoltaic technologies, where surface texturing plays a critical role in enhancing light absorption and minimizing optical losses. This study investigates the impact of different chemical etchants, 4&#xa0;M HF with AgNO₃ (0.006&#xa0;M and 0.008&#xa0;M) and KOH (2% and 4%) with 20% IPA on the surface morphology and optical properties of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers. Surface analysis revealed that Ag-assisted etching promotes the formation of well-defined pyramidal textures, while KOH-based etching results in smoother, wave-like structures. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed that mc-Si wafers etched with 4&#xa0;M HF + 0.006&#xa0;M AgNO₃ exhibited the lowest reflectance and highest optical absorbance. These findings highlight the potential of optimized Ag-assisted chemical etching to improve light-harvesting efficiency, offering a viable pathway for advancing high-performance silicon solar cell technologies.</p>

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Silver-Assisted Chemical Etching for Enhanced Surface Texturing and Light Absorption in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Aravind Mani,
  • Prammitha Rajaram,
  • Keerthivasan Thamotharan

摘要

Solar energy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional energy sources due to its renewable and environmentally benign nature. Silicon-based solar cells remain at the forefront of photovoltaic technologies, where surface texturing plays a critical role in enhancing light absorption and minimizing optical losses. This study investigates the impact of different chemical etchants, 4 M HF with AgNO₃ (0.006 M and 0.008 M) and KOH (2% and 4%) with 20% IPA on the surface morphology and optical properties of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers. Surface analysis revealed that Ag-assisted etching promotes the formation of well-defined pyramidal textures, while KOH-based etching results in smoother, wave-like structures. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed that mc-Si wafers etched with 4 M HF + 0.006 M AgNO₃ exhibited the lowest reflectance and highest optical absorbance. These findings highlight the potential of optimized Ag-assisted chemical etching to improve light-harvesting efficiency, offering a viable pathway for advancing high-performance silicon solar cell technologies.