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<p>This paper presents a graphene and vanadium dioxide-based planar antenna optimized for THz Defence surveillance and secure communication applications. It is made up of silicon di oxide, graphene, vanadium di oxide, silver feedline, PEC etc. The integration of these materials enhances conductivity, tunability, and efficiency, making the design well-suited for high-frequency operations. The antenna is excited using proximity coupling with a Y-shaped structure, ensures optimized impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna resonating at 1.1 THz, 1.9 THz, 2.5 THz, 3.03 THz, 3.1 THz, 3.21 THz respectivelly, it achieves an excellent return loss of -20.1&#xa0;dB, -12.3&#xa0;dB, -14.15&#xa0;dB, -29.90&#xa0;dB, -18.1&#xa0;dB, 16.4&#xa0;dB respectivelly, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer. The antenna maintains circular polarization, confirmed by an axial ratio below 3&#xa0;dB, which is further validated through electric and magnetic field distributions, demonstrating polarization stability. It also exhibits a high radiation efficiency of 94.86%, making it a strong candidate for defense and surveillance systems. With a maximum directivity of 11.1 dBi, the antenna ensures robust radiation performance with well-defined circular polarization characteristics. Additionally, 2D and 3D radiation patterns provide a detailed analysis of its radiation behavior, while the nomenclature of field distribution offers insights into near-field characteristics crucial for polarization stability. The findings contribute to next-generation THz communication and surveillance technologies, paving the way for high-performance electronic systems in strategic and military applications.</p>

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Analytical Investigation of Graphene and Vanadium Dioxide-Based Circularly Polarized Wideband Antenna for Defence Surveillance Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Harsha Mann,
  • Rajesh Yadav,
  • V. S. Pandey,
  • Manisha Bharti

摘要

This paper presents a graphene and vanadium dioxide-based planar antenna optimized for THz Defence surveillance and secure communication applications. It is made up of silicon di oxide, graphene, vanadium di oxide, silver feedline, PEC etc. The integration of these materials enhances conductivity, tunability, and efficiency, making the design well-suited for high-frequency operations. The antenna is excited using proximity coupling with a Y-shaped structure, ensures optimized impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna resonating at 1.1 THz, 1.9 THz, 2.5 THz, 3.03 THz, 3.1 THz, 3.21 THz respectivelly, it achieves an excellent return loss of -20.1 dB, -12.3 dB, -14.15 dB, -29.90 dB, -18.1 dB, 16.4 dB respectivelly, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer. The antenna maintains circular polarization, confirmed by an axial ratio below 3 dB, which is further validated through electric and magnetic field distributions, demonstrating polarization stability. It also exhibits a high radiation efficiency of 94.86%, making it a strong candidate for defense and surveillance systems. With a maximum directivity of 11.1 dBi, the antenna ensures robust radiation performance with well-defined circular polarization characteristics. Additionally, 2D and 3D radiation patterns provide a detailed analysis of its radiation behavior, while the nomenclature of field distribution offers insights into near-field characteristics crucial for polarization stability. The findings contribute to next-generation THz communication and surveillance technologies, paving the way for high-performance electronic systems in strategic and military applications.