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<p>Ordinary Portland cement production contributes approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions, necessitating sustainable alternatives for the construction industry. This comprehensive review systematically evaluates geopolymer concrete (GPC) as an environmentally superior construction material. The study employs a dual methodology: bibliometric analysis of over 500 publications (2015–2025) and critical synthesis of experimental findings on mix design-performance relationships. Five distinct research clusters were identified encompassing source materials, alkaline activators, mechanical performance, microstructural characteristics, and emerging applications. Experimental data demonstrates that GPC formulations utilizing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, activated with 8–12&#xa0;M sodium hydroxide and cured at 60–90&#xa0;°C, consistently achieve compressive strengths of 50–70&#xa0;MPa. These systems exhibit superior chemical resistance, thermal stability up to 800&#xa0;°C, and 40–80% reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to conventional concrete. The geopolymerization process produces dense microstructures with refined pore distribution, enhancing durability. However, challenges including source material variability, curing sensitivity, ambient setting limitations, and absence of standardized guidelines currently restrict widespread adoption. The findings establish GPC as a technically viable alternative for structural applications. Future research should focus on standardized mix design methodologies, ambient-curing one-part systems, integration with 3D printing technologies, long-term field performance monitoring, comprehensive life cycle assessments, and development of unified testing protocols for regulatory acceptance.</p>

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A Comprehensive Review of Geopolymer Concrete: Applications, Properties, and Future Directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Ramamohana Reddy Bellum,
  • Chereddy Sonali Sri Durga,
  • Karumanchi Meeravali,
  • N. Satya Vijaya Kumar,
  • Bypaneni Krishna Chaitanya,
  • Chava Venkatesh

摘要

Ordinary Portland cement production contributes approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions, necessitating sustainable alternatives for the construction industry. This comprehensive review systematically evaluates geopolymer concrete (GPC) as an environmentally superior construction material. The study employs a dual methodology: bibliometric analysis of over 500 publications (2015–2025) and critical synthesis of experimental findings on mix design-performance relationships. Five distinct research clusters were identified encompassing source materials, alkaline activators, mechanical performance, microstructural characteristics, and emerging applications. Experimental data demonstrates that GPC formulations utilizing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, activated with 8–12 M sodium hydroxide and cured at 60–90 °C, consistently achieve compressive strengths of 50–70 MPa. These systems exhibit superior chemical resistance, thermal stability up to 800 °C, and 40–80% reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to conventional concrete. The geopolymerization process produces dense microstructures with refined pore distribution, enhancing durability. However, challenges including source material variability, curing sensitivity, ambient setting limitations, and absence of standardized guidelines currently restrict widespread adoption. The findings establish GPC as a technically viable alternative for structural applications. Future research should focus on standardized mix design methodologies, ambient-curing one-part systems, integration with 3D printing technologies, long-term field performance monitoring, comprehensive life cycle assessments, and development of unified testing protocols for regulatory acceptance.