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<p>Silicon (Si) plays a pivotal role in improving soil functionality and mitigating abiotic stress, particularly in regions where poor soil fertility and extreme climatic conditions constrain agricultural productivity. In the São Francisco Valley, northeastern Brazil, sandy soils with low organic matter content present significant challenges for onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) cultivation. Thus, we hypothesize that higher doses of silicon fertilization could adversely impact microbial biomass and activity, potentially disrupting nutrient cycling and affecting agricultural sustainability. This study investigated the effects of silicate fertilization at rates of 0, 75, 125, 175, and 225&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup> on microbial biomass carbon (C-mic), basal respiration (C-CO<sub>2</sub>), metabolic quotient (qCO<sub>2</sub>), microbial quotient (qMic), enzymatic activity, and organic carbon content. Low silicon application rates (75 and 125&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>) markedly enhanced C-mic by 53% and 44%, respectively, relative to the control, along with substantial increases in the activities of β-glucosidase (73%), alkaline phosphatase (115%), and arylsulfatase (68%). Conversely, excessive Si input (225&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>) triggered a pronounced rise in C-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, up to eightfold higher than the control, indicating intensified microbial metabolism and accelerated organic matter decomposition. Concurrently, qCO<sub>2</sub> values increased by 110%, reflecting greater microbial stress and reduced carbon-use efficiency. These results highlight the complex interplay between Si fertilization and soil microbial dynamics, guiding the optimization of nutrient management in dryland agroecosystems. Proper Si supplementation can enhance soil fertility and microbial efficiency, supporting sustainable crop production in tropical environments.</p>

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Silicon fertilization enhances soil microbial dynamics and activity in onion crops under semiarid conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Flávia Aparecida de Oliveira Bezerra,
  • Felipe José Cury Fracetto,
  • Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento,
  • William Ramos da Silva,
  • Cintia Caroline Gouveia da Silva,
  • Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva,
  • Mario de Andrade Lira Junior,
  • Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto

摘要

Silicon (Si) plays a pivotal role in improving soil functionality and mitigating abiotic stress, particularly in regions where poor soil fertility and extreme climatic conditions constrain agricultural productivity. In the São Francisco Valley, northeastern Brazil, sandy soils with low organic matter content present significant challenges for onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation. Thus, we hypothesize that higher doses of silicon fertilization could adversely impact microbial biomass and activity, potentially disrupting nutrient cycling and affecting agricultural sustainability. This study investigated the effects of silicate fertilization at rates of 0, 75, 125, 175, and 225 kg ha−1 on microbial biomass carbon (C-mic), basal respiration (C-CO2), metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMic), enzymatic activity, and organic carbon content. Low silicon application rates (75 and 125 kg ha−1) markedly enhanced C-mic by 53% and 44%, respectively, relative to the control, along with substantial increases in the activities of β-glucosidase (73%), alkaline phosphatase (115%), and arylsulfatase (68%). Conversely, excessive Si input (225 kg ha−1) triggered a pronounced rise in C-CO2 emissions, up to eightfold higher than the control, indicating intensified microbial metabolism and accelerated organic matter decomposition. Concurrently, qCO2 values increased by 110%, reflecting greater microbial stress and reduced carbon-use efficiency. These results highlight the complex interplay between Si fertilization and soil microbial dynamics, guiding the optimization of nutrient management in dryland agroecosystems. Proper Si supplementation can enhance soil fertility and microbial efficiency, supporting sustainable crop production in tropical environments.