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<p>Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, which combine crystalline silicon wafers with thin amorphous silicon layers, have rapidly advanced as a leading photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, excellent passivation, and low temperature coefficients. However, their performance is challenged by high optical reflection and increased series resistance, particularly in the absence of anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers. ARCs, especially advanced multilayer structures like SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ITO, are crucial for minimizing reflection and maximizing light absorption across a broad spectrum, while TCO layers enhance lateral carrier transport and reduce resistive losses, though they can introduce parasitic absorption that must be carefully managed. TCO-free designs can improve transparency and short-circuit current density but are limited by higher resistive losses. Recent advancements focus on optimizing ARC and TCO configurations to balance optical and electrical performance, reducing reliance on scarce elements such as indium, and developing novel passivation and contact architectures, with efficiencies now exceeding 26% and fill factors above 86%. Future research is directed toward indium-free TCOs and innovative ARC designs to further improve the efficiency, sustainability, and scalability of SHJ solar cells, supporting continued progress in photovoltaic technology.</p>

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Progress and Perspective on Performance Enhancement of SHJ Solar Cells through Antireflection Coatings and Transparent Conductive Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Maha Nur Aida,
  • Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,
  • Hasnain Yousuf,
  • Mengmeng Chu,
  • Rafi Ur Rahman,
  • Alamgeer,
  • Shurouq Abdulqadir Mohammed,
  • Junsin Yi

摘要

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, which combine crystalline silicon wafers with thin amorphous silicon layers, have rapidly advanced as a leading photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, excellent passivation, and low temperature coefficients. However, their performance is challenged by high optical reflection and increased series resistance, particularly in the absence of anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers. ARCs, especially advanced multilayer structures like SiO2/TiO2 and Al2O3/ITO, are crucial for minimizing reflection and maximizing light absorption across a broad spectrum, while TCO layers enhance lateral carrier transport and reduce resistive losses, though they can introduce parasitic absorption that must be carefully managed. TCO-free designs can improve transparency and short-circuit current density but are limited by higher resistive losses. Recent advancements focus on optimizing ARC and TCO configurations to balance optical and electrical performance, reducing reliance on scarce elements such as indium, and developing novel passivation and contact architectures, with efficiencies now exceeding 26% and fill factors above 86%. Future research is directed toward indium-free TCOs and innovative ARC designs to further improve the efficiency, sustainability, and scalability of SHJ solar cells, supporting continued progress in photovoltaic technology.