Preparation of High-performance BaTiO₃ Nanoparticles-embedded Porous Silicon Photodetectors by Electrochemical Etching and Laser Ablation in Liquid

In this work, BaTiO₃ nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation were embedded in p-type and n-type porous silicon (PSi), which were prepared using an electrochemical etching method. Structural analysis confirmed that the synthesized BaTiO₃ nanoparticles are crystalline with a tetragonal structure. The direct optical energy gap of the BaTiO₃ nanoparticles was found to be 3.75 eV at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized BaTiO₃ nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with an average particle size of 34 nm. The optoelectronic properties of BaTiO₃-embedded n-type and p-type porous silicon photodetectors were investigated, including dark and illuminated current–voltage characteristics, responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and specific detectivity. The responsivity of n-BaTiO₃-embedded p-PSi and n-BaTiO₃- embedded n-PSi was 0.44 and 0.12 A/W at 350 nm, respectively. Energy band diagrams under illumination conditions were constructed for n-BaTiO₃-embedded p-PSi and n-BaTiO₃- embedded n-PSi heterojunction photodetector.