Synthesis and Characterization of Biocomposite Sodium Alginate-PVP-Bioglass Beads for Bone Engineering

Development an advanced drug delivery biocomposite beads using polyvinylpyrrolidone, Sodium Alginate, and bioglass as a carrier for 20% amoxicillin drug. The two beads’ samples were formed by the sol–gel process combined with the dropwise method, through exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF). The obtained beads were assessed by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR confirming the in vitro test. The spectroscopic results confirm their successful development of the apatite layer. The SEM shows that the bio-beads are microsphere structures with a diameter from 405 nm to 4.700 μm. UV/visible diffuse reflectance analysis assessed the impact of loading amoxicillin on optical properties and determined the energy gap (Eg) for the composites, yielding values of 1.25 and 2.59 eV for the direct and indirect transitions. The antimicrobial efficiency is evaluated by employing the agar diffusion method with a range of pathogenic microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis are used as senates for the + ve bacteria, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli as -ve bacteria. The SBF tests confirm apatite covering on the bead surfaces, representative of effective bioactivity. Antimicrobial results establish enhanced performance, signifying the two bio-bead samples as promising applicants for bone tissue engineering.