Comprehensive review of current trends and future directions of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell: From materials to applications

This review provides a systematic analysis of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) as next-generation energy conversion devices. By integrating multiscale simulations with experimental validation, we establish performance benchmarks for key components, including thin electrolytes, mixed ionic–electronic conductors (MIECs) used as cathodes, and corrosion-resistant metal substrates. The paper elucidates critical degradation pathways, such as chromium poisoning and interfacial instability, and proposes mitigation strategies based on advanced manufacturing techniques, including plasma spraying and in situ sintering. System-level challenges related to thermal management, gas transport optimization, and scalable production are identified, ultimately delineating research priorities for achieving sub-600°C operation and commercial deployment.