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<p>Multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs) have emerged as a transformative class of metallic materials, surpassing conventional alloys due to their“four core effects”. The inherent compositional complexity and programmable multifunctionality of MPEAs collectively drive their emergence as a vanguard in materials innovation. By synergistically modulating metastable engineering and magneto-volume effects, we developed a MPEA (Fe,Co,Cr)<sub>100−<i>x</i></sub>Ni<sub><i>x</i></sub> with an ultralow coefficient of thermal expansion (<i>α</i><sub>1</sub> = 1.00 × 10<sup>−6</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>, 100–100 K) and exceptional mechanical properties (tensile strength: 560 MPa, the elongation to failure: 53%). This alloy exhibits both significant transformations induced plasticity (TRIP) and zero thermal expansion effects (Invar) at room temperature, classified as a recently proposed TRIP-Invar alloy. <i>In situ</i> magnetic analysis reveals that ferromagnetic order mediates pronounced magnetic compensation of intrinsic lattice contraction during cooling through spin-state transitions, thereby generating zero thermal expansion behavior. <i>In situ</i> neutron diffraction reveals that the good strength–plasticity trade-off arises from a deformation-triggered martensitic transformation, which enhances strain hardening through dislocation multiplication and grain boundary reinforcement. This work proposes a materials design strategy for next-generation structural-functional integrated materials, advancing the fundamental understanding of thermal expansion-mechanical property optimization in MPEAs.</p>

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Strength, ductility and zero thermal expansion in multicomponent TRIP-Invar alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Wanda Yang,
  • Haowei Zhou,
  • Jing Chen,
  • Chengyi Yu,
  • Yili Cao,
  • Ke An,
  • Yan Chen,
  • Dunji Yu,
  • Kun Lin,
  • Xianran Xing

摘要

Multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs) have emerged as a transformative class of metallic materials, surpassing conventional alloys due to their“four core effects”. The inherent compositional complexity and programmable multifunctionality of MPEAs collectively drive their emergence as a vanguard in materials innovation. By synergistically modulating metastable engineering and magneto-volume effects, we developed a MPEA (Fe,Co,Cr)100−xNix with an ultralow coefficient of thermal expansion (α1 = 1.00 × 10−6 K−1, 100–100 K) and exceptional mechanical properties (tensile strength: 560 MPa, the elongation to failure: 53%). This alloy exhibits both significant transformations induced plasticity (TRIP) and zero thermal expansion effects (Invar) at room temperature, classified as a recently proposed TRIP-Invar alloy. In situ magnetic analysis reveals that ferromagnetic order mediates pronounced magnetic compensation of intrinsic lattice contraction during cooling through spin-state transitions, thereby generating zero thermal expansion behavior. In situ neutron diffraction reveals that the good strength–plasticity trade-off arises from a deformation-triggered martensitic transformation, which enhances strain hardening through dislocation multiplication and grain boundary reinforcement. This work proposes a materials design strategy for next-generation structural-functional integrated materials, advancing the fundamental understanding of thermal expansion-mechanical property optimization in MPEAs.