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<p>High-fat diets (HFDs) are widely utilized in aquaculture and result in multiple health and welfare problems in aquatic animals, yet the systemic impacts on host metabolism and gut microbial ecology of HFDs remain insufficiently understood let alone the exact solutions. Here, we investigated the effects of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Sd_h10 (abbreviated as h10) supplementation on gut microbiota composition, metabolic homeostasis and growth performance in juvenile <i>Larimichthys crocea</i> fed with a high-fat diet. Our results showed that high-fat diet with h10 partially altered intestinal microbial community composition, enhanced the complexity of microbial co-occurrence and was associated with tissue-specific alterations in lipid distribution. Specifically, h10 promoted the deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and glucose utilization in intestinal and muscle tissues, while concurrently alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate utilization and protein turnover was differentially regulated in the intestine, liver, and muscle, indicating coordinated metabolic adjustments across tissues. Fish in the HFD + h10 exhibited significantly higher relative weight gain and length gain than those in other treatments (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). This enhanced growth performance was accompanied by upregulation of growth-promoting genes (<i>gh1</i>, <i>igf1</i>, and <i>myod</i>) and suppression of the growth-inhibitory gene (<i>mstnb</i>) in multiple tissues. Furthermore, partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) revealed significant structured associations linking gut microbiota composition, tissue-specific metabolic phenotypes, and growth performance. Collectively, our findings indicated that h10 supplementation may modulate gut microbiota and be associated with multi-tissue metabolic coordination under high-fat dietary conditions. This study provides new insights into the potential role of microbiota-associated metabolic regulation in supporting growth performance in marine aquaculture species.</p>

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Dietary Bacillus sp. ‌Modulates Multi-tissue Metabolism Through Gut Microbiota Remodeling in High-fat Fed Larimichthys crocea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Ruojing Li,
  • Biao Yuan,
  • Xin Yi,
  • Ermei Yin,
  • Bi Huang,
  • Qianwen Min,
  • Jiayu Zhou,
  • Meiqi Lv,
  • Bo Zhang,
  • Na Zhao

摘要

High-fat diets (HFDs) are widely utilized in aquaculture and result in multiple health and welfare problems in aquatic animals, yet the systemic impacts on host metabolism and gut microbial ecology of HFDs remain insufficiently understood let alone the exact solutions. Here, we investigated the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Sd_h10 (abbreviated as h10) supplementation on gut microbiota composition, metabolic homeostasis and growth performance in juvenile Larimichthys crocea fed with a high-fat diet. Our results showed that high-fat diet with h10 partially altered intestinal microbial community composition, enhanced the complexity of microbial co-occurrence and was associated with tissue-specific alterations in lipid distribution. Specifically, h10 promoted the deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and glucose utilization in intestinal and muscle tissues, while concurrently alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate utilization and protein turnover was differentially regulated in the intestine, liver, and muscle, indicating coordinated metabolic adjustments across tissues. Fish in the HFD + h10 exhibited significantly higher relative weight gain and length gain than those in other treatments (P < 0.05). This enhanced growth performance was accompanied by upregulation of growth-promoting genes (gh1, igf1, and myod) and suppression of the growth-inhibitory gene (mstnb) in multiple tissues. Furthermore, partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) revealed significant structured associations linking gut microbiota composition, tissue-specific metabolic phenotypes, and growth performance. Collectively, our findings indicated that h10 supplementation may modulate gut microbiota and be associated with multi-tissue metabolic coordination under high-fat dietary conditions. This study provides new insights into the potential role of microbiota-associated metabolic regulation in supporting growth performance in marine aquaculture species.