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<p>Polystyrene nanoplastics (PsNPs) represent an emerging environmental threat with potential adverse effects on pancreatic tissue. This study investigated whether probiotic supplementation (PB) could attenuate PsNPs-induced pancreatic injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and P2X7R/Caspase-1 signaling. Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, probiotic (PB 10<sup>10</sup>), PsNPs (100&#xa0;nm, 10&#xa0;mg/kg/day), PsNPs + PB 10<sup>9</sup>, and PsNPs + PB 10<sup>10</sup>. After 35&#xa0;days of oral administration, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, P2X7R/Caspase-1 gene expression, signaling proteins (NF-κB, PI3K, p-PI3K, p38 MAPK, TGF-β), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Insulin, P2X7 and Caspase-1) were evaluated. PsNPs significantly upregulated P2X7R and Caspase-1 expression (S<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), elevated NF-κB levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), increased IL-1β and TNF-α, and induced oxidative stress with elevated MDA, depleted SOD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and reduced GSH (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Histopathology revealed inflammatory infiltration and cellular degeneration. Insulin immunoreactivity decreased while Caspase-3 increased. Probiotic co-treatment at 101⁰ CFU/day significantly attenuated P2X7R/Caspase-1 upregulation, reduced NF-κB expression, restored SOD activity and GSH levels, normalized cytokines, and preserved Insulin immunoreactivity. PsNPs induce pancreatic injury through P2X7R/Caspase-1/NF-κB signaling activation. Multi-strain probiotic supplementation exerts dose-dependent protective effects by modulating purinergic signaling and restoring antioxidant capacity.</p>

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Probiotic Supplementation Attenuates Polystyrene Nanoplastic-Induced Pancreatic Injury through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and P2X7 Receptor/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway in Rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Elif Erbaş,
  • Hilal Üstündağ,
  • Semin Gedikli,
  • Volkan Gelen,
  • Seçil Nazife Parlak,
  • Demet Çelebi,
  • Adem Kara

摘要

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PsNPs) represent an emerging environmental threat with potential adverse effects on pancreatic tissue. This study investigated whether probiotic supplementation (PB) could attenuate PsNPs-induced pancreatic injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and P2X7R/Caspase-1 signaling. Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, probiotic (PB 1010), PsNPs (100 nm, 10 mg/kg/day), PsNPs + PB 109, and PsNPs + PB 1010. After 35 days of oral administration, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, P2X7R/Caspase-1 gene expression, signaling proteins (NF-κB, PI3K, p-PI3K, p38 MAPK, TGF-β), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Insulin, P2X7 and Caspase-1) were evaluated. PsNPs significantly upregulated P2X7R and Caspase-1 expression (Sp < 0.0001), elevated NF-κB levels (p < 0.0001), increased IL-1β and TNF-α, and induced oxidative stress with elevated MDA, depleted SOD (p < 0.001), and reduced GSH (p < 0.01). Histopathology revealed inflammatory infiltration and cellular degeneration. Insulin immunoreactivity decreased while Caspase-3 increased. Probiotic co-treatment at 101⁰ CFU/day significantly attenuated P2X7R/Caspase-1 upregulation, reduced NF-κB expression, restored SOD activity and GSH levels, normalized cytokines, and preserved Insulin immunoreactivity. PsNPs induce pancreatic injury through P2X7R/Caspase-1/NF-κB signaling activation. Multi-strain probiotic supplementation exerts dose-dependent protective effects by modulating purinergic signaling and restoring antioxidant capacity.