Marine Polysaccharides: A Promising Source for Probiotic Delivery Systems
摘要
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in human health, influencing metabolic, immune, and neurological functions. Probiotics, with their potential to restore gut balance, face significant challenges in viability and efficacy due to environmental stresses during manufacturing and digestion. This review critically examines recent advancements in the use of seaweed polysaccharides as effective delivery systems for probiotics. Characterized by their biocompatibility and unique gelling properties, seaweed polysaccharides such as alginate, carrageenans, and fucoidans offer innovative encapsulation strategies that enhance probiotic survival and targeted release in the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss various formulation techniques, including ionotropic gelation and layer-by-layer encapsulation, and their impact on the functionality of probiotics. Insights from both in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that these systems not only protect probiotics but also provide additional health benefits through their bioactive properties. We also explore the diversity of probiotic strains successfully delivered via these vehicles and address existing limitations and challenges in the field. Finally, we highlight emerging trends and future perspectives on the development of next-generation seaweed polysaccharide-based delivery systems, underscoring their significant potential in advancing probiotic therapies and enhancing gut health interventions.