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<p>Mastitis causes substantial economic losses to the global dairy industry through reduced milk production, increased treatment costs, and premature animal culling, with global annual costs estimated at US$19.7–32&#xa0;billion. The widespread use of antibiotics in mastitis treatment has accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), threatening both animal and human health within the One Health framework. This narrative review comprehensively examines sustainable probiotic alternatives for mastitis management. Probiotics modulate inflammatory responses, restore mammary microbiota homeostasis, and enhance immune function through multiple mechanisms. Evidence from experimental models and livestock studies demonstrates that selected probiotic formulations significantly reduce mastitis incidence and severity while addressing AMR concerns. The gut-mammary axis emerges as a critical pathway for systemic probiotic efficacy. Current evidence supports probiotics as promising effective preventive interventions and adjunctive therapies, particularly when integrated with improved farm management and nutritional strategies. Challenges including strain selection, standardization of dosing protocols, and regulatory harmonization require further investigation through controlled trials. Probiotics represent a promising, evidence-supported alternative to antibiotics, contributing to antimicrobial stewardship and sustainable dairy production.</p>

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Probiotics as Sustainable Alternatives to Mitigate Antibiotic Resistance in Bovine Mastitis Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Muhammad Zahoor Khan,
  • Abd Ullah,
  • Abdul Qadeer,
  • Khalaf F. Alsharif,
  • Fuad M Alzahrani,
  • Khalid J Alzahrani,
  • Qingshan Ma,
  • Abdulwahab Abuderman,
  • Changfa Wang

摘要

Mastitis causes substantial economic losses to the global dairy industry through reduced milk production, increased treatment costs, and premature animal culling, with global annual costs estimated at US$19.7–32 billion. The widespread use of antibiotics in mastitis treatment has accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), threatening both animal and human health within the One Health framework. This narrative review comprehensively examines sustainable probiotic alternatives for mastitis management. Probiotics modulate inflammatory responses, restore mammary microbiota homeostasis, and enhance immune function through multiple mechanisms. Evidence from experimental models and livestock studies demonstrates that selected probiotic formulations significantly reduce mastitis incidence and severity while addressing AMR concerns. The gut-mammary axis emerges as a critical pathway for systemic probiotic efficacy. Current evidence supports probiotics as promising effective preventive interventions and adjunctive therapies, particularly when integrated with improved farm management and nutritional strategies. Challenges including strain selection, standardization of dosing protocols, and regulatory harmonization require further investigation through controlled trials. Probiotics represent a promising, evidence-supported alternative to antibiotics, contributing to antimicrobial stewardship and sustainable dairy production.