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<p><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> represents a promising reservoir of novel probiotics. Numerous strains isolated from human, domestic animal, and plant sources exhibit substantial inter-strain functional diversity; however, strains derived from wild animals remain largely unexplored. Here, we assessed the probiotic potential of a wild badger-derived strain, <i>L. plantarum</i> Y40, and explored its underlying mechanisms via both in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro, Y40 showed superior colonization potential and stronger anti-<i>Salmonella</i> activity than the plant-derived reference strain <i>L. plantarum</i> ATCC 8014. Comparative genomic analysis of Y40 and 84 strains from human, domestic animal, and plant sources revealed that Y40 acquired 296 genes during evolution, several of which have known roles in colonization. In mouse infection models, Y40 stably colonized the intestine and markedly mitigated <i>S</i>. Typhimurium-induced disease: it reduced pathogen titers in the gut and systemic organs, attenuated inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, limited infection-associated weight loss and tissue pathology, and improved survival. Y40 treatment upregulated the expression of tight-junction proteins and thereby reinforced gut barrier integrity. Y40 treatment enriched beneficial gut bacteria, particularly SCFA-producing taxa, and consequently elevated short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, changes that were strongly linked to the inhibition of <i>Salmonella</i> growth. Moreover, Y40 enhanced host expression of SCFA transporters and receptors associated with immune modulation. Collectively, these results provide systematic evidence supporting the probiotic potential of the wild animal-derived <i>L. plantarum</i> Y40 and highlight its promise as a novel alternative for preventing and treating <i>Salmonella</i> infections in animal production.</p>

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Functional and Mechanistic Analysis of Wild Badger–Derived Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum Y40 Against Salmonella Infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Lifang Gu,
  • Meicun Hou,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Kun Wang,
  • Jiaxuan Jiang,
  • Jinyan Yu,
  • Shenglong Liang,
  • Ying Zhong,
  • Qingyun Pan,
  • Jingru Lu,
  • Jing Ju,
  • Xin’an Jiao,
  • Yunzeng Zhang

摘要

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum represents a promising reservoir of novel probiotics. Numerous strains isolated from human, domestic animal, and plant sources exhibit substantial inter-strain functional diversity; however, strains derived from wild animals remain largely unexplored. Here, we assessed the probiotic potential of a wild badger-derived strain, L. plantarum Y40, and explored its underlying mechanisms via both in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro, Y40 showed superior colonization potential and stronger anti-Salmonella activity than the plant-derived reference strain L. plantarum ATCC 8014. Comparative genomic analysis of Y40 and 84 strains from human, domestic animal, and plant sources revealed that Y40 acquired 296 genes during evolution, several of which have known roles in colonization. In mouse infection models, Y40 stably colonized the intestine and markedly mitigated S. Typhimurium-induced disease: it reduced pathogen titers in the gut and systemic organs, attenuated inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, limited infection-associated weight loss and tissue pathology, and improved survival. Y40 treatment upregulated the expression of tight-junction proteins and thereby reinforced gut barrier integrity. Y40 treatment enriched beneficial gut bacteria, particularly SCFA-producing taxa, and consequently elevated short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, changes that were strongly linked to the inhibition of Salmonella growth. Moreover, Y40 enhanced host expression of SCFA transporters and receptors associated with immune modulation. Collectively, these results provide systematic evidence supporting the probiotic potential of the wild animal-derived L. plantarum Y40 and highlight its promise as a novel alternative for preventing and treating Salmonella infections in animal production.