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<p>Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder often accompanied by gut dysbiosis. Probiotics may restore microbial balance and modulate metabolic and appetite-regulating pathways. Therefore, the present study investigated the strain-specific effects of three native <i>Lactobacillus</i> species on anthropometric indices, appetite, and nesfatin-1 concentrations in obese adults.&#xa0;In this triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 100 obese adults (BMI 30–40&#xa0;kg/m², aged 18–60 years) were allocated into four groups to receive one sachet daily of <i>L. plantarum</i> (2 × 10⁹ CFU), <i>L. fermentum</i> (2 × 10⁹ CFU), <i>L. rhamnosus</i> (2 × 10⁹ CFU), or placebo for 60 days. Anthropometric indices—including BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI)—were evaluated. A validated Likert-scale questionnaire assessed appetite, and serum nesfatin-1 levels were measured using ELISA.&#xa0;Eighty-nine participants completed the trial. After adjustment for age, sex, and baseline values, <i>L. fermentum</i> supplementation significantly reduced WC (<i>P</i> = 0.049) and BRI (<i>P</i> = 0.048) compared with placebo. Within-group analysis revealed that <i>L. plantarum</i> and <i>L. fermentum</i> significantly decreased WC, WHtR, and BRI (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Both strains also produced significant reductions in appetite scores (<i>P</i> = 0.004 and <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant changes in serum nesfatin-1 levels were detected among groups.&#xa0;Supplementation with native <i>L. fermentum</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> for 60 days improved some anthropometric parameters and appetite in obese adults, independent of significant nesfatin-1 modulation. These findings highlight the strain-specific potential of native probiotics as adjunctive strategies for obesity management. However, future well-designed clinical research with a larger sample and/or extended follow-up is suggested to confirm this evidence.</p><p><i>Trial registration: IRCT, </i><i>IRCT20220608055106N1, Registered 3 July 2022</i></p>

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Strain-Specific Effects of three Different Native Lactobacillus on Anthropometric Indices, Appetite, and Nesfatin-1 in Obese Adults: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Zahra Nazarinejad,
  • Behzad Alaeddini,
  • Jamileh Ghalami,
  • Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi,
  • Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh-Attari,
  • Leila Roozbeh-Nasiraie,
  • Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh-Attari

摘要

Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder often accompanied by gut dysbiosis. Probiotics may restore microbial balance and modulate metabolic and appetite-regulating pathways. Therefore, the present study investigated the strain-specific effects of three native Lactobacillus species on anthropometric indices, appetite, and nesfatin-1 concentrations in obese adults. In this triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 100 obese adults (BMI 30–40 kg/m², aged 18–60 years) were allocated into four groups to receive one sachet daily of L. plantarum (2 × 10⁹ CFU), L. fermentum (2 × 10⁹ CFU), L. rhamnosus (2 × 10⁹ CFU), or placebo for 60 days. Anthropometric indices—including BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI)—were evaluated. A validated Likert-scale questionnaire assessed appetite, and serum nesfatin-1 levels were measured using ELISA. Eighty-nine participants completed the trial. After adjustment for age, sex, and baseline values, L. fermentum supplementation significantly reduced WC (P = 0.049) and BRI (P = 0.048) compared with placebo. Within-group analysis revealed that L. plantarum and L. fermentum significantly decreased WC, WHtR, and BRI (P < 0.05). Both strains also produced significant reductions in appetite scores (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant changes in serum nesfatin-1 levels were detected among groups. Supplementation with native L. fermentum and L. plantarum for 60 days improved some anthropometric parameters and appetite in obese adults, independent of significant nesfatin-1 modulation. These findings highlight the strain-specific potential of native probiotics as adjunctive strategies for obesity management. However, future well-designed clinical research with a larger sample and/or extended follow-up is suggested to confirm this evidence.

Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20220608055106N1, Registered 3 July 2022