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<p>This study was conducted to determine the appropriate microalgae concentration for fish-microalgae integrated aquaculture systems. Olive flounder, <i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i> (32.41 ± 6.32&#xa0;g; 15.87 ± 1.12&#xa0;cm), were exposed to spirulina, <i>Spirulina maxima</i> at concentrations of 0, 0.04, 0.16, 2.66, 10.7, and 40.7&#xa0;mL/L for 96&#xa0;h. The 96&#xa0;h LC<sub>50</sub> for <i>P. olivaceus</i> was determined to be pH 9.05. Exposure to <i>S. maxima</i> induced epithelial cell hyperplasia at the apical tips of the gill lamellae. Plasma glucose levels increased significantly following <i>S. maxima</i> exposure. This study demonstrates that high concentrations of <i>S. maxima</i> induce acute alkaline stress, affecting survival rates, gill histology, and plasma parameters in <i>P. olivaceus</i>.</p>

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Physiological Effects on Hematological Characteristics and Plasma Components of Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Exposed to Spirulina, Spirulina maxima

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Bijae Gong,
  • Young-Bin Yu,
  • A-Hyun Jo,
  • Eunsol Hyun,
  • Woon-Yong Choi,
  • Gi-Young Kim,
  • Hyunjung Lee,
  • Sung-Pyo Hur,
  • Cheol Young Choi,
  • Kyuchang Chang,
  • Jun-Hwan Kim

摘要

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate microalgae concentration for fish-microalgae integrated aquaculture systems. Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (32.41 ± 6.32 g; 15.87 ± 1.12 cm), were exposed to spirulina, Spirulina maxima at concentrations of 0, 0.04, 0.16, 2.66, 10.7, and 40.7 mL/L for 96 h. The 96 h LC50 for P. olivaceus was determined to be pH 9.05. Exposure to S. maxima induced epithelial cell hyperplasia at the apical tips of the gill lamellae. Plasma glucose levels increased significantly following S. maxima exposure. This study demonstrates that high concentrations of S. maxima induce acute alkaline stress, affecting survival rates, gill histology, and plasma parameters in P. olivaceus.