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<p>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a portable filter skid for efficient and accurate sampling of  ≥ 50 μm organisms (typically zooplankton) from ballast water, ensuring compliance with the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC). Experiments were conducted in a controlled laboratory environment to evaluate recovery, survival, species composition, and survival under different flow rates. Five replicate trials were performed to assess recovery rate, survival rate, and species composition, while three replicates were conducted to evaluate survival under different flow rates. Statistical analyses included paired samples <i>t </i>tests for recovery rate comparisons and two-way repeated measures ANOVA for analyzing survival rates between devices and under varying flow conditions. Similarity in species composition was evaluated using the percent similarity coefficient (PSC). Results indicated no statistically significant differences in recovery (t (4) = –&#xa0;1.109, <i>p</i> = 0.330), survival (F (1, 8) = 0.010, <i>p</i> = 0.922), or survival under different flow rates (F (1, 8) = 0.702, <i>p</i> = 0.426). The average PSC of collected species was 90.09%, demonstrating high similarity in community structure between the two devices. Therefore, the filter skid demonstrated performance similar to the conventional plankton net under controlled laboratory conditions, suggesting its viability as an alternative sampling device. Further spatiotemporal field validation is expected to confirm the filter skid’s reliability in Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) performance testing for ≥ 50 μm organisms, thereby contributing to improved operational efficiency and analytical reliability in meeting international regulatory standards and standardized commissioning procedures.</p>

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Performance Evaluation of a Portable Filter Skid for Zooplankton Sampling in Response to the Ballast Water Management Convention

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Jaebeom Shin,
  • Jeongmin Cho,
  • Yunho Shin,
  • Yujin Choi,
  • Ryoungah Kim,
  • Kyeonghun Kim

摘要

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a portable filter skid for efficient and accurate sampling of  ≥ 50 μm organisms (typically zooplankton) from ballast water, ensuring compliance with the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC). Experiments were conducted in a controlled laboratory environment to evaluate recovery, survival, species composition, and survival under different flow rates. Five replicate trials were performed to assess recovery rate, survival rate, and species composition, while three replicates were conducted to evaluate survival under different flow rates. Statistical analyses included paired samples t tests for recovery rate comparisons and two-way repeated measures ANOVA for analyzing survival rates between devices and under varying flow conditions. Similarity in species composition was evaluated using the percent similarity coefficient (PSC). Results indicated no statistically significant differences in recovery (t (4) = – 1.109, p = 0.330), survival (F (1, 8) = 0.010, p = 0.922), or survival under different flow rates (F (1, 8) = 0.702, p = 0.426). The average PSC of collected species was 90.09%, demonstrating high similarity in community structure between the two devices. Therefore, the filter skid demonstrated performance similar to the conventional plankton net under controlled laboratory conditions, suggesting its viability as an alternative sampling device. Further spatiotemporal field validation is expected to confirm the filter skid’s reliability in Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) performance testing for ≥ 50 μm organisms, thereby contributing to improved operational efficiency and analytical reliability in meeting international regulatory standards and standardized commissioning procedures.