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<p>Cordgrasses <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> and <i>S. anglica</i> are invasive species, affecting coastal ecosystems worldwide. They were originally from the eastern United States and England, respectively, but have unintentionally spread to the coasts of East Asia, including Korea. This study examined the phylogeographic distribution and genetic structure of these species along Korean coastal wetlands (Ganghwa, Deabudo, Seosan, Gimje, and Jindo) using chloroplast DNA (<i>trnT-trnF</i> and <i>rps16</i> intron) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). We found the presence of both species in Korea, with clear geographic isolation. <i>S. anglica</i> showed low chloroplast DNA haplotype diversity, with a single haplotype in Ganghwa and Deabudo. In contrast, <i>S. alterniflora</i> had one major haplotype shared among Seosan, Gimje, and Jindo, plus four unique haplotypes in Gimje. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, <i>F</i>st = 0.93254, <i>p</i> = 0.0) and phylogenetic trees support distinct phylogeographic structures for the two species. Neutrality tests (Tajima’s <i>D</i> = − 1.1494, Fu’s FS = − 2.3601) suggest recent population expansion in Gimje. These results indicate that <i>S. anglica</i> and <i>S. alterniflora</i> were introduced to Korea separately, with <i>S. alterniflora</i> in Gimje possibly undergoing recent mutations and adaptation. This study enhances our understanding of the invasion dynamics of <i>Spartina</i> species on East Asian coasts, aiding in managing the ecological impacts of these invasive plants.</p>

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Phylogeographic Distribution of Invasive Cordgrasses Spartina alterniflora and Spartina anglica Reveals Multiple Introductions to Korean Coasts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Buhari Lawan Muhammad,
  • Jang-Seu Ki

摘要

Cordgrasses Spartina alterniflora and S. anglica are invasive species, affecting coastal ecosystems worldwide. They were originally from the eastern United States and England, respectively, but have unintentionally spread to the coasts of East Asia, including Korea. This study examined the phylogeographic distribution and genetic structure of these species along Korean coastal wetlands (Ganghwa, Deabudo, Seosan, Gimje, and Jindo) using chloroplast DNA (trnT-trnF and rps16 intron) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). We found the presence of both species in Korea, with clear geographic isolation. S. anglica showed low chloroplast DNA haplotype diversity, with a single haplotype in Ganghwa and Deabudo. In contrast, S. alterniflora had one major haplotype shared among Seosan, Gimje, and Jindo, plus four unique haplotypes in Gimje. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, Fst = 0.93254, p = 0.0) and phylogenetic trees support distinct phylogeographic structures for the two species. Neutrality tests (Tajima’s D = − 1.1494, Fu’s FS = − 2.3601) suggest recent population expansion in Gimje. These results indicate that S. anglica and S. alterniflora were introduced to Korea separately, with S. alterniflora in Gimje possibly undergoing recent mutations and adaptation. This study enhances our understanding of the invasion dynamics of Spartina species on East Asian coasts, aiding in managing the ecological impacts of these invasive plants.