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<p>The invasive fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, poses an emerging threat to Asian rice agroecosystems, despite rice being a suboptimal host compared to maize. Here, we demonstrate that prior infestation of rice by brown planthopper (BPH, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>) or white-backed planthopper (WBPH, <i>Sogatella furcifera</i>) dramatically reverses this innate host hierarchy, transforming rice into a highly attractive oviposition substrate for FAW. In no-choice assays, females laid 60–63% more egg masses and 59–61% more eggs on planthopper-infested rice than on uninfested rice, reaching levels statistically equivalent to or exceeding those on undamaged maize. Dual-choice tests confirmed that 48&#xa0;h of planthopper feeding fully eliminated FAW’s strong preference for maize, with BPH- or WBPH-damaged rice receiving as many or significantly more eggs than undamaged maize. Conversely, conspecific FAW damage on maize triggered potent oviposition deterrence, reducing egg deposition by approximately 45% relative to undamaged maize and rendering it less attractive than even intact or uninfested rice. First-instar larvae and adults also exhibited overwhelming preference for maize over rice when plants were undamaged (&gt; 86% settlement on maize), further underscoring the dramatic shift induced by planthopper herbivory. These findings reveal a striking case of heterospecific facilitation whereby sap-feeding planthoppers create physiological and volatile cues that exploit FAW’s oviposition plasticity, converting rice from a marginal to a preferred host. This hopper-induced vulnerability may represent a potential invasion pathway for FAW in rice-dominated landscapes and highlights the possible need for early-season planthopper management to mitigate secondary FAW outbreaks in Asian rice–maize cropping systems.</p>

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Planthopper-induced vulnerability: amplifying fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) preference in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • V. Chinna Babu Naik,
  • S. Rakhesh,
  • D. Devi Pratyusha,
  • K. A. V. Sindhura,
  • Kokkula Akhilesh,
  • K. Vani Sree,
  • R. M. Sundaram

摘要

The invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, poses an emerging threat to Asian rice agroecosystems, despite rice being a suboptimal host compared to maize. Here, we demonstrate that prior infestation of rice by brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) or white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) dramatically reverses this innate host hierarchy, transforming rice into a highly attractive oviposition substrate for FAW. In no-choice assays, females laid 60–63% more egg masses and 59–61% more eggs on planthopper-infested rice than on uninfested rice, reaching levels statistically equivalent to or exceeding those on undamaged maize. Dual-choice tests confirmed that 48 h of planthopper feeding fully eliminated FAW’s strong preference for maize, with BPH- or WBPH-damaged rice receiving as many or significantly more eggs than undamaged maize. Conversely, conspecific FAW damage on maize triggered potent oviposition deterrence, reducing egg deposition by approximately 45% relative to undamaged maize and rendering it less attractive than even intact or uninfested rice. First-instar larvae and adults also exhibited overwhelming preference for maize over rice when plants were undamaged (> 86% settlement on maize), further underscoring the dramatic shift induced by planthopper herbivory. These findings reveal a striking case of heterospecific facilitation whereby sap-feeding planthoppers create physiological and volatile cues that exploit FAW’s oviposition plasticity, converting rice from a marginal to a preferred host. This hopper-induced vulnerability may represent a potential invasion pathway for FAW in rice-dominated landscapes and highlights the possible need for early-season planthopper management to mitigate secondary FAW outbreaks in Asian rice–maize cropping systems.