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<p>The oriental fruit fly,&#xa0;<i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i>&#xa0;(Hendel), is an exceptionally polyphagous pest that inflicts serious economic losses on fruit production across the globe. The custard apple, <i>Annona&#xa0;squamosa</i>&#xa0;L., ranks among its favorite host plants; however, detailed information about its developmental biology, phylogenetic placement and demographic characteristics on this fruit remains scarce. The present research explored the species life‑history traits, verified its identity at the molecular level and estimated its capacity for population expansion when reared on custard apple under controlled laboratory conditions (25 ± 1&#xa0;°C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 12:12&#xa0;h light: dark photoperiod). Development time, survival and fecundity were measured using the age‑stage, two‑sex life table approach, while evolutionary relationships were examined through sequencing the <i>mitochondrial cytochrome&#xa0;c oxidase subunit&#xa0;I</i> (COI) gene. On average, the incubation period, larval duration, pupal period, total lifespan and fecundity were 1.80 ± 0.63, 8.90 ± 1.29, 12.90 ± 1.37 and 23.50 ± 2.64&#xa0;days and 326.30 ± 44.86 eggs per female, respectively. Sequencing of the COI region (GenBank accession:&#xa0;PV596428) confirmed the species identity and phylogenetic analyses placed the study population close to other prominent <i>B.&#xa0;dorsalis</i> isolates (MG687576, OR119065 and MW322556). The intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>), finite rate of increase (<i>λ</i>), net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub><i>0</i></sub>) and mean generation time (<i>T</i>) were calculated as 0.1079&#xa0;day<sup>−1</sup>, 1.1139&#xa0;d<sup>−1</sup>, 161.80 offspring per female and 47.13&#xa0;days, respectively. This combination of high reproductive output and short generation time underscores the insects ability to rapidly colonise and proliferate on custard apple. Host specific demographic parameters, together with molecular confirmation, deliver a solid basis for predictive population models. Such models can improve forecasting and optimize integrated pest management (IPM) tactics including well timed fruit bagging, strategic use of bait stations and area wide monitoring.</p>

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Developmental biology, population metrics and evolutionary lineage of the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) on custard apple (Annona squamosa L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Arjun Sulagitti,
  • Biradar A.P.,
  • Udikeri S.S.,
  • Shivakumara K.T.,
  • Keerthi M.C.,
  • Divya C,
  • Prakash H.T.,
  • Venugopal C.K.,
  • Guru Yedahalli

摘要

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is an exceptionally polyphagous pest that inflicts serious economic losses on fruit production across the globe. The custard apple, Annona squamosa L., ranks among its favorite host plants; however, detailed information about its developmental biology, phylogenetic placement and demographic characteristics on this fruit remains scarce. The present research explored the species life‑history traits, verified its identity at the molecular level and estimated its capacity for population expansion when reared on custard apple under controlled laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 12:12 h light: dark photoperiod). Development time, survival and fecundity were measured using the age‑stage, two‑sex life table approach, while evolutionary relationships were examined through sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. On average, the incubation period, larval duration, pupal period, total lifespan and fecundity were 1.80 ± 0.63, 8.90 ± 1.29, 12.90 ± 1.37 and 23.50 ± 2.64 days and 326.30 ± 44.86 eggs per female, respectively. Sequencing of the COI region (GenBank accession: PV596428) confirmed the species identity and phylogenetic analyses placed the study population close to other prominent B. dorsalis isolates (MG687576, OR119065 and MW322556). The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were calculated as 0.1079 day−1, 1.1139 d−1, 161.80 offspring per female and 47.13 days, respectively. This combination of high reproductive output and short generation time underscores the insects ability to rapidly colonise and proliferate on custard apple. Host specific demographic parameters, together with molecular confirmation, deliver a solid basis for predictive population models. Such models can improve forecasting and optimize integrated pest management (IPM) tactics including well timed fruit bagging, strategic use of bait stations and area wide monitoring.