<p><i>M. anacardii</i> is a specific borer of the cashew tree that causes irreversible damage to the plant. The characteristic lesions include darkening of the tissues under the bark, presence of resinous exudate on the trunk, yellowing, wilting, dropping of leaves and death of branches, which potentially lead to death of the plant. There are no registered pesticides for controlling that pest in cashew crop, with the main management method being the eradication of infested plants. This short communication reports the presence of <i>M. anacardii</i> in 6 states of the Brazilian Northeast region, as well as the population dynamics of the pest according to the abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. We report the first record of <i>M. anacardii</i> in the Northeastern states of Alagoas (Boca da Mata) and Maranhão (Barreirinhas), as well as in previously unreported cities in the main cashew-producing states of Brazil: Francisco Santos (Piauí), Florânia (Rio Grande do Norte), Palhano, Pacajus, and Cruz (Ceará). Furthermore, we show that precipitation and relative humidity are factors that directly influence the population dynamics of <i>M. anacardii</i>. Monitoring the presence of <i>M. anacardii</i> in different regions is important to alert about the spread and the urgency of adopting measures to contain the advancement of this pest in the main cashew-producing regions.</p>