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<p>Surface contamination caused by oxidation by-products severely compromises the signal stability and reusability of electrochemical sensors. However, achieving rapid and complete regeneration of electrode activity under mild conditions remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a delocalized-electron-driven photocatalytic regeneration strategy by nanosheet-like g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with extended π-conjugation. Compared with bulk g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, the nanosheet structure promotes electron delocalization, facilitates interfacial charge transfer, and enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby accelerating the photodegradation of surface-bound fouling species. In-situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy provides strong evidence for the dynamic formation of delocalized electrons and radical intermediates during regeneration. As a result, the sensor exhibits complete signal recovery within 12&#xa0;min under sunlight and maintains high detection accuracy over 35 regeneration cycles, with a detection limit of ~ 70&#xa0;nM. This work provides a mild solution to the design of regenerable sensing platforms.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Delocalized electron-enhanced photo-regeneration based on nanosheet g-C3N4 enables reusable electrochemical antibiotic sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Sheng-Lin He,
  • Yi-Kai Wen,
  • Shu-Lin Gao,
  • Su-Juan Hu

摘要

Surface contamination caused by oxidation by-products severely compromises the signal stability and reusability of electrochemical sensors. However, achieving rapid and complete regeneration of electrode activity under mild conditions remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a delocalized-electron-driven photocatalytic regeneration strategy by nanosheet-like g-C3N4 with extended π-conjugation. Compared with bulk g-C3N4, the nanosheet structure promotes electron delocalization, facilitates interfacial charge transfer, and enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby accelerating the photodegradation of surface-bound fouling species. In-situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy provides strong evidence for the dynamic formation of delocalized electrons and radical intermediates during regeneration. As a result, the sensor exhibits complete signal recovery within 12 min under sunlight and maintains high detection accuracy over 35 regeneration cycles, with a detection limit of ~ 70 nM. This work provides a mild solution to the design of regenerable sensing platforms.

Graphical abstract