<p>Heterogeneous Fenton-like technology, a prominent advanced oxidation process, has gained widespread use in wastewater treatment for the removal of contaminants. The performance of this technology is highly dependent on the catalyst materials employed. Iron-based catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to their tunable properties, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, challenges such as inadequate catalytic activity and the dissolution of iron species have limited their practical effectiveness. To address these challenges, various novel iron-based materials have been developed, ranging from diverse iron compounds to iron-based composites on different substrates, and from iron nanoparticles to iron clusters and single-atom catalysts (SACs). This review systematically examines the latest advancements in heterogeneous iron-based catalysts, focusing on two main categories: iron-based nanoparticle catalysts and iron-based clusters/SACs. We delve into the relationship between catalyst structures and catalytic performance in Fenton-like reactions, such as the nature of the substrate, catalyst size, and the interfacial interaction between the catalyst and the substrate. By emphasizing recent progress and existing limitations, this review aims to provide valuable insights for the future development and application of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton-like reactions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>