Advancing sensing frontiers: elevating performance metrics and extending applications through two-dimensional materials

The immense prospects of two-dimensional (2D) materials in the field of high-performance sensing stem from their unique layered structures and superior properties. Constructing heterostructures and refining sensor architectures are at the forefront of innovative research to enhance sensor performance. This review synthesizes the current literature, discussing the photovoltaic attributes, fabrication methods, analytical techniques and integration strategies pertinent to 2D materials. This comprehensive review of the operating principles of various sensors investigates the recent progress and deployment of these materials within diverse sensing devices, including chemical sensors, biosensors and optical sensors. Conclusively, this review serves as a valuable reference for understanding the applications and progress of 2D materials in high-performance sensors and explores their potential in interdisciplinary research.