Ferroelectric perovskite PbTiO₃ for advanced photocatalysis

The ferroelectric semiconductor material PbTiO₃ exhibits remarkable spontaneous polarization and photoelectric properties, positioning it as a promising polar photocatalyst. The internal electric field of ferroelectrics can separate photocarriers and enhance the catalytic performance of photocatalysts. Moreover, when combined with other semiconductors, PbTiO₃ contributes to the construction of a depolarization field, extending the catalytic applications of PbTiO₃ catalysts. PbTiO₃ exhibits optical absorption, semiconductor, and piezoelectric properties. Its piezoelectric polarization field enhances charge separation, modulates band structure, surface charge conduction, and heterojunction interface charge conduction, thereby amplifying photocatalytic activity. This paper begins by examining the structure, properties, and preparation methods of PbTiO₃. Subsequently, it delves into the optimization of PbTiO₃'s structure and performance, exploring applications in photocatalysis as a ferroelectric photocatalyst. Emphasis is placed on the detailed discussion of surface modification, heterostructure formation, and ferroelectric polarization of PbTiO₃ ferroelectrics. These aspects are thoroughly explored for their role in regulating activity and optimizing the performance of photocatalysis and photopiezoelectric catalysis. In conclusion, the paper addresses the current research status of PbTiO₃ ferroelectric materials and highlights the challenges that lie ahead. The intention is to provide valuable references for the ongoing research in PbTiO₃ ferroelectric materials.